OBJECTIVES In some studies, parents and toddlers verbalize less when engaging with a tablet versus a print book. More needs to be known regarding child contributions to specific parent verbalizations. We examined parent-toddler contingent interactions with tablet applications versus print books, as well as moderators of these associations. METHODS We conducted a laboratory-based, within-subjects counterbalanced study of 72 parent-toddler dyads engaging with a nursery rhyme application (with enhanced + autonarration [E+A] and enhanced formats) and print book. We coded parent verbalizations (eg, dialogic, nondialogic) and proportions of child responses to these in 5-second epochs. Poisson regressions were used to analyze within-subjects variance by tablet or print format. We tested effect modification by child emotion regulation and home media practices. RESULTS Children responded more to parent overall (print 0.38; E+A 0.31, P = .04; enhanced 0.11, P = .01), dialogic (print 0.21; E+A 0.13, P = .04; enhanced 0.1, P = .02), and nondialogic (print 0.45; E+A 0.27, P < .001; enhanced 0.32, P < .001) verbalizations during print book versus tablet. Stronger child emotion regulation, greater frequency of co-viewing, and instructive practices moderated associations such that differences between conditions were no longer significant for some parent verbalizations and child responses. CONCLUSIONS Parent-toddler reciprocal verbal interactions occurred less frequently with tablet versus print book use. Child emotion regulation and parent home media practices moderated some of these associations. Pediatricians may wish to promote co-viewing and instructive media practices but may also consider that child emotion regulation may determine response to interactive tablet design.

中文翻译：

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使用触摸屏平板电脑童谣应用程序进行家长言语和幼儿反应。

目标 在一些研究中，与纸质书相比，父母和幼儿在使用平板电脑时言语较少。需要更多地了解儿童对特定父母言语的贡献。我们研究了父母与幼儿与平板电脑应用程序和纸质书籍的偶然互动，以及这些关联的调节者。方法 我们对 72 名亲幼儿二人组进行了一项基于实验室的受试者内平衡研究，他们使用童谣应用（增强 + 自叙述 [E+A] 和增强格式）和印刷书。我们对父母的言语（例如，对话式的、非对话式的）以及孩子在 5 秒时间内对这些言语的反应比例进行了编码。泊松回归用于分析平板电脑或打印格式的受试者内方差。我们测试了儿童情绪调节和家庭媒体实践的效果修正。结果 儿童对家长的总体反应较多（打印 0.38；E+A 0.31，P = .04；增强 0.11，P = .01）、对话（打印 0.21；E+A 0.13，P = .04；增强 0.1，P = .04）纸质书与平板电脑之间的语言表达（印刷版 0.45；E+A 0.27，P < .001；增强版 0.32，P < .001）。更强的儿童情绪调节、更高的共同观看频率和指导性实践可以缓和关联，使得条件之间的差异对于某些父母的言语和儿童的反应不再显着。结论 与纸质书籍相比，使用平板电脑的亲子言语互动发生的频率较低。儿童情绪调节和家长家庭媒体实践调节了其中一些关联。儿科医生可能希望促进共同观看和指导性媒体实践，但也可能考虑到儿童情绪调节可能决定对交互式平板电脑设计的反应。