Mating patterns are crucial for understanding selection regimes in current populations and highly implicative for sexual selection and life history theory. However, empirical data on the relations between mating and reproductive outcomes in contemporary humans are lacking. In the present research we examined the sexual selection on mating (with an emphasis on Bateman's third parameter – the association between mating and reproductive success) and life history dynamics of mating by examining the relations between mating patterns and a comprehensive set of variables which determine human reproductive ecology. We conducted two studies (Study 1: N = 398, Study 2: N = 996, the sample was representative for participants’ sex, age, region, and settlement size). The findings from these studies were mutually congruent and complementary. In general, the data suggested that short-term mating was unrelated or even negatively related to reproductive success. Conversely, long-term mating was positively associated with reproductive success (number of children in Study 1; number of children and grandchildren in Study 2) and there were indices that the beneficial role of long-term mating is more pronounced in males, which is in accordance with Bateman's third principle. Observed age of first reproduction mediated the link between long-term mating and number of children but only in male participants (Study 2). There were no clear indications of the position of the mating patterns in human life history trajectories; however, the obtained data suggested that long-term mating has some characteristics of fast life history dynamics. Findings are implicative for sexual selection and life history theory in humans.

交配模式对于理解当前种群的选择机制至关重要，并且对性选择和生活史理论具有重要意义。然而，缺乏关于当代人类交配与生殖结果之间关系的经验数据。在本研究中，我们通过研究交配模式与决定人类的一组综合变量之间的关系，研究了交配的性选择（重点是贝特曼的第三个参数——交配与繁殖成功之间的关联）和交配的生活史动态。生殖生态学。我们进行了两项研究（研究 1：N = 398，研究 2：N = 996，样本代表参与者的性别、年龄、地区和定居点规模）。这些研究的结果是相互一致和互补的。总的来说，数据表明短期交配与繁殖成功无关甚至负相关。相反，长期交配与繁殖成功率呈正相关（研究 1 中的子女数量；研究 2 中的子女和孙子女数量），并且有指标表明，长期交配的有益作用在雄性中更为明显，即符合贝特曼第三原则。观察到的首次繁殖年龄介导了长期交配和子女数量之间的联系，但仅限于男性参与者（研究 2）。没有明确的迹象表明交配模式在人类生活史轨迹中的位置；然而，获得的数据表明，长期交配具有快速生活史动态的一些特征。研究结果对人类的性选择和生活史理论具有重要意义。