In this article, I interpret Book V of the Nicomachean Ethics in which Aristotle presents a geometrical problem to explain which is the Best Criterion for the Distribution of Political and Economic Rights and Duties among Citizens, starting from the empirical evidence that there are three opposing opinions on which is the fairest distribution criterion: for some it is Freedom (Democrats), for others Wealth (Oligarchs), and for others Virtue (Aristocrats). Against the almost unique and most quoted interpretation of the geometrical problem, I present my mathematical solution, which I arrived at thanks to the Doctrine of the Four Causes and the Theory of the Mean. My thesis is that the Mean Term of Distributive Justice is the Golden Ratio between the opposite criteria of distribution, and the unjust distribution is the one that violates this ratio. This solution allows us to understand what is the Rational Principle at the basis of just distribution: that is, Geometrical Equality as opposed to Arithmetical Equality. Indeed, by applying the geometric figure of the Golden Triangle to the different political constitutions, I show, in line with Politics, that the Best Form of Government is the Aristocratic Politeia, i.e., a mixture of Democracy, Oligarchy and Aristocracy.

中文翻译：

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亚里士多德的政治正义与公民分配公共物品的三个对立标准之间的黄金比例：自由、财富和美德

在这篇文章中，我解释了尼各马可伦理学的第五卷其中亚里士多德提出了一个几何问题来解释公民之间政治和经济权利和义务分配的最佳标准，从经验证据开始，三个对立的意见是最公平的分配标准：对某些人来说是自由（民主党），他人财富（寡头），他人美德（贵族）。针对几何问题的几乎独特且被引用最多的解释，我提出了我的数学解决方案，这是我通过四因论和中庸理论得出的。我的论点是，分配正义的平均期限是相反分配标准之间的黄金比例，而不公正的分配是违反这一比例的分配。这个解决方案使我们能够在公正分布的基础上理解什么是有理原则：即几何相等与算术相等相对。事实上，通过将金三角的几何图形应用于不同的政治宪法，我表明，符合政治，认为最好的政府形式是贵族政治，即民主、寡头和贵族的混合体。