Analysis of the common and most influential natural and anthropogenic activities on the spatiotemporal variation in nutrients at a multiannual scale is important. Eleven cruises from 2015 to 2017 were carried out to better elucidate the seasonal and spatial variations in nutrients, as well as the impact factors on dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphorus (DIP) and silicate (DSi). Both nutrient concentrations and forms showed similar and significant seasonal variations over the 3 years, and were closely related to the biomass and species of phytoplankton. Terrestrial inputs had significant effects on the spatial distribution of nutrients throughout the year, especially in the surface water, which showed DIN > DIP>DSi. In summer, shellfish aquaculture and hypoxia jointly affected the spatial distribution of nutrients. The bottom water nutrient concentrations in the aquaculture area were 1.1–2.3 times higher than those outside of the aquaculture area. Seasonal hypoxia can increase the release of DSi and NH₄⁺ from the sediment to the water. In summary, anthropogenic activities and physical conditions jointly influenced the nutrient distributions.

在多年尺度上分析营养物质时空变化的常见和最有影响的自然和人为活动非常重要。从 2015 年到 2017 年进行了 11 次航行，以更好地阐明营养物质的季节和空间变化，以及对溶解无机氮 (DIN)、磷 (DIP) 和硅酸盐 (DSi) 的影响因素。养分浓度和形态在 3 年内均表现出相似且显着的季节变化，并且与浮游植物的生物量和种类密切相关。陆地输入对全年营养物质的空间分布有显着影响，特别是在地表水中，表现为DIN>DIP>DSi。夏季，贝类养殖和缺氧共同影响营养物质的空间分布。养殖区底水养分浓度比养殖区外高1.1~2.3倍。季节性缺氧可增加 DSi 和 NH 的释放_4+从^沉积物到水。总之，人为活动和物理条件共同影响了养分的分布。