Disease and accompanying inflammation are uncommon outcomes of viral infection in humans. Clinical inflammation occurs if steady-state cell-intrinsic and leukocytic immunity to viruses fails. Inflammation attests to the attempts of newly recruited and activated leukocytes to resolve infection in the blood or tissues. In the confusing battle between a myriad of viruses and cells, studies of human genetics can separate the root cause of inflammation and disease from its consequences. Single-gene inborn errors of cell-intrinsic or leukocytic immunity underlying diverse infections in the skin, brain, or lungs can help to clarify the human determinants of viral disease. The genetic elucidation of immunological deficits in a single patient with a specific vulnerability profile can reveal mechanisms of inflammation and disease that may be disrupted by other causes, inherited or otherwise, in other patients. This human genetic dissection of viral infections is giving rise to a new biology and a new medicine.

中文翻译：

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人类病毒性炎症和疾病的机制

疾病和伴随的炎症是人类病毒感染的罕见结果。如果对病毒的稳态细胞内在和白细胞免疫失败，则会发生临床炎症。炎症证明新招募和激活的白细胞试图解决血液或组织中的感染。在无数病毒和细胞之间令人困惑的战斗中，人类遗传学研究可以将炎症和疾病的根本原因与其后果区分开来。皮肤、大脑或肺部多种感染背后的细胞内在或白细胞免疫的单基因先天性错误有助于阐明病毒性疾病的人类决定因素。对具有特定脆弱性特征的单个患者的免疫缺陷的遗传阐明可以揭示炎症和疾病的机制，这些机制可能被其他患者的其他原因（遗传或其他原因）破坏。这种对病毒感染的人类基因解剖正在产生一种新的生物学和新的药物。