The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, and responding to signals derived from the internal and external environment. At the interface of this sensory function, immune cells in the intestines and brain consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on the physiological state of the body. Recent research reveals that cross-talk along the gut-brain axis regulates inflammatory nociception, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Here, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the signaling of inflammation across the gut-brain axis. We further highlight interactions between the gut and the brain in inflammation-associated diseases.

中文翻译：

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通过肠-脑轴发出炎症信号

大脑和胃肠道是重要的感觉器官，负责检测、传递、整合和响应来自内部和外部环境的信号。在这种感觉功能的界面上，肠道和大脑中的免疫细胞不断地调查环境因素，引发反映身体生理状态的反应。最近的研究表明，沿着肠脑轴的串扰调节炎症伤害感受、炎症反应和免疫稳态。在这里，我们讨论了涉及肠-脑轴炎症信号传导的分子和细胞机制。我们进一步强调了炎症相关疾病中肠道和大脑之间的相互作用。