The preparation of nucleic acid nanostructures has relied predominantly on procedures of additive fabrication in which complex architectures are assembled by concerted self-assembly and sequential addition of building blocks. We had previously established RNA–DNA hybrid nanoshapes with modular architectures that enable multistep synthetic approaches inspired by organic molecular synthesis where additive and transformative steps are used to prepare complex molecular architectures. We report the establishment of module replacement and strand exchange as synthetic transformations in nucleic acid hybrid nanoshapes, which are enabled by minimally destabilizing sequence elements such as a single unpaired overhang nucleotide or a mismatch base pair. Module exchange facilitated by thermodynamic lability triggers adds a powerful transformative approach to the repertoire of additive and transformative synthetic methods for the preparation of complex composite materials.

中文翻译：

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通过简易模块交换合成 RNA-DNA 混合纳米形状

核酸纳米结构的制备主要依赖于增材制造的过程，其中复杂的结构通过协同自组装和连续添加构建块来组装。我们之前已经建立了具有模块化结构的 RNA-DNA 混合纳米形状，可以实现受有机分子合成启发的多步合成方法，其中添加和转化步骤用于制备复杂的分子结构。我们报告了模块替换和链交换的建立作为核酸混合纳米形状中的合成转化，这是通过最小程度地不稳定的序列元素（例如单个未配对的突出核苷酸或错配碱基对）实现的。