Film mulching and nitrogen fertilization are two effective practices to promote maize production in northwest China, but their impacts on environment in terms of greenhouse gas emission remain unclear. Two-year field trials were conducted to 1) explore the effect of the film mulching pattern and N fertilization rate on maize production, gaseous N emission, and utilization of N and water; 2) find an optimal mulching pattern and N-fertilization rate to achieve green development. Trial Ⅰ included flat planting with non-mulching (NM), ridge-furrow with plastic film mulch (PM), ridge-furrow with biodegradable film mulch (BM), and flat planting with full plastic film mulching (FM). Trial Ⅱ involved BM with N-fertilization rates (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha⁻¹), denoted as BMN0, BMN1, BMN2, and BMN3, respectively. The results showed that film mulching significantly decreased the daily flux and cumulative flux of gaseous N by an average of 32.02%, 35.17% (NH₃), 78.70%, 75.83% (N₂O), respectively, as compared with NM. Film mulching also significantly increased the amount of soil residual mineral N after harvest, plant N uptake, and soil water storage but decreased evapotranspiration by an average of 8.31%, 9.42%, 17.45%, and 25.34%, respectively, as compared with NM. In addition, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), N uptake efficiency (UPE) (except for BM), N harvest index (NHI), N use efficiency (NUE), and partial productivity of N (PNP) were significantly higher in the mulching treatments, and yield–scaled NH₃ emission (YSN) was significantly lower in PM and BM, as compared with NM. Compared with FM, soil residual mineral N after harvest, plant N uptake, grain yield, WUE, NUE, and PNP were significantly lower but NHI was significantly higher in PM and BM. The daily flux and cumulative flux of N₂O emission and the amount of soil residual NO₃⁻ -N after harvest were significantly lower but plant N uptake was significantly higher in PM than in BM. Collectively, BM was the best mulching treatment in this study. With increase of N-fertilization rate, the daily flux and cumulative flux of NH₃ volatilization, the peak period, and the cumulative flux of N₂O emission, the grain yield, WUE, NUE (except for N3), and YSN were significantly increased but NHI, PNP, and UPE were significantly decreased. The optimum N-fertilization rate under BM was found at 173 kg ha⁻¹, which could achieve the goal of high yield, efficient utilization of water and nitrogen, and environmental friendliness.

地膜覆盖和施氮肥是促进西北地区玉米生产的两种有效措施，但其温室气体排放对环境的影响尚不清楚。进行了为期两年的田间试验，以 1) 探索地膜覆盖模式和施氮量对玉米产量、气态氮排放以及氮和水利用的影响；2）寻找最佳覆盖方式和施氮量，实现绿色发展。试验Ⅰ包括平植不覆膜（NM）、垄沟覆膜（PM）、垄沟覆膜（BM）、平植全覆膜（FM）。试验 Ⅱ 涉及 BM 施氮率（0、90、180 和 270 kg N ha ^-1)，分别表示为 BMN0、BMN1、BMN2 和 BMN3。结果表明，与NM相比，地膜覆盖显着降低了气态N的日通量和累积通量，平均分别降低了32.02%、35.17% (NH ₃ )、78.70%、75.83% (N ₂ O)。与 NM 相比，地膜覆盖还显着增加了收获后土壤残留矿质 N 量、植物 N 吸收和土壤蓄水量，但使蒸散量平均分别降低了 8.31%、9.42%、17.45% 和 25.34%。此外，粮食产量、水分利用效率（WUE）、N吸收效率（UPE）（BM除外）、N收获指数（NHI）、N利用效率（NUE）和N部分生产力（PNP）均显着较高在覆盖处理中，和产量规模的 NH ₃与 NM 相比，PM 和 BM 的排放（YSN）显着降低。与FM相比，收获后土壤残留矿质氮、植物吸氮量、粮食产量、WUE、NUE和PNP显着降低，但PM和BM中NHI显着升高。收获后N ₂ O 排放的日通量和累积通量以及土壤残留NO ₃ ^- -N 量显着降低，但PM 中植物对N 的吸收显着高于BM。总的来说，BM 是本研究中最好的覆盖处理。随着施氮量的增加，NH ₃挥发的日通量和累积通量、高峰期和N ₂的累积通量O排放、粮食产量、WUE、NUE（N3除外）和YSN显着增加，而NHI、PNP和UPE显着降低。BM下最佳施氮量为173 kg ha ^-1，可实现高产、水氮高效利用和环境友好的目标。