The glucosinolates and glucosinolate breakdown products (GBPs) in the seeds of three types of mustard (root, stem, and leaf mustards) from a core collection of 50 cultivars were studied. Nine glucosinolates and ten GBPs were identified, with sinigrin and 2-propenyl isothiocyanate (SIN-ITC) being the dominant glucosinolate and GBP, respectively. Among the tested cultivars, the contents of total glucosinolates and GBPs ranged from 46.84 to 89.30 μmol g⁻¹ FW and from 23.07 to 82.20 μmol g⁻¹ FW, respectively. Leaf mustard had both the highest average levels of glucosinolates and GBPs (65.04 μmol g⁻¹ FW and 55.97 μmol g⁻¹ FW, respectively) and the greatest variation in total GBP content compared with root and stem mustards. L8 had the highest content of SIN-ITC (72.06 μmol g⁻¹ FW). These findings indicate that mustard seeds, especially cultivar L8, can be good candidates for functional foods since they contain extremely high levels of SIN-ITC, a potent anti-carcinogenic isothiocyanate.

研究了来自 50 个核心品种的三种芥菜（根、茎和叶芥菜）种子中的硫代葡萄糖苷和硫代葡萄糖苷分解产物 (GBP)。鉴定了九种芥子油苷和十种 GBP，其中红花苷和异硫氰酸 2-丙烯酯 (SIN-ITC) 分别是主要的芥子油苷和 GBP。在测试的品种中，总硫代葡萄糖苷和 GBPs 的含量分别为 46.84 至 89.30 μmol g ^-1 FW 和 23.07 至 82.20 μmol g ^-1 FW。芥菜的芥子油苷和 GBP 的平均水平最高（65.04 μmol g ^-1 FW 和 55.97 μmol g ^-1FW，分别）和总 GBP 含量与根和茎芥相比的最大变化。L8 的 SIN-ITC 含量最高（72.06 μmol g ^-1 FW）。这些发现表明芥菜籽，尤其是栽培品种 L8，可以成为功能性食品的良好候选者，因为它们含有极高水平的 SIN-ITC，一种有效的抗癌异硫氰酸酯。