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Sequential immunization of macaques elicits heterologous neutralizing antibodies targeting the V3-glycan patch of HIV-1 Env
Science Translational Medicine ( IF 17.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-24 , DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abk1533
Amelia Escolano 1 , Harry B Gristick 2 , Rajeev Gautam 3 , Andrew T DeLaitsch 2 , Morgan E Abernathy 2 , Zhi Yang 2 , Haoqing Wang 2 , Magnus A G Hoffmann 2 , Yoshiaki Nishimura 3 , Zijun Wang 1 , Nicholas Koranda 2 , Leesa M Kakutani 2 , Han Gao 2 , Priyanthi N P Gnanapragasam 2 , Henna Raina 3 , Ana Gazumyan 1 , Melissa Cipolla 1 , Thiago Y Oliveira 1 , Victor Ramos 1 , Darrell J Irvine 4 , Murillo Silva 4 , Anthony P West 2 , Jennifer R Keeffe 2 , Christopher O Barnes 2 , Michael S Seaman 5 , Michel C Nussenzweig 1, 6 , Malcolm A Martin 3 , Pamela J Bjorkman 2
Affiliation  

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 develop after prolonged virus and antibody coevolution. Previous studies showed that sequential immunization with a V3-glycan patch germline-targeting HIV-1 envelope trimer (Env) followed by variant Envs can reproduce this process in mice carrying V3-glycan bNAb precursor B cells. However, eliciting bNAbs in animals with polyclonal antibody repertoires is more difficult. We used a V3-glycan immunogen multimerized on virus-like particles (VLPs), followed by boosting with increasingly native-like Env-VLPs, to elicit heterologous neutralizing antibodies in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Structures of antibody/Env complexes after prime and boost vaccinations demonstrated target epitope recognition with apparent maturation to accommodate glycans. However, we also observed increasing off-target antibodies with boosting. Eight vaccinated NHPs were subsequently challenged with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), and seven of eight animals became infected. The single NHP that remained uninfected after viral challenge exhibited one of the lowest neutralization titers against the challenge virus. These results demonstrate that more potent heterologous neutralization resulting from sequential immunization is necessary for protection in this animal model. Thus, improved prime-boost regimens to increase bNAb potency and stimulate other immune protection mechanisms are essential for developing anti–HIV-1 vaccines.

中文翻译:

猕猴的连续免疫引发针对 HIV-1 Env 的 V3-聚糖贴片的异源中和抗体

针对 HIV-1 的广泛中和抗体 (bNAb) 在病毒和抗体长期共同进化后发展。先前的研究表明,用 V3-聚糖贴片种系靶向 HIV-1 包膜三聚体 (Env) 以及随后的变体 Envs 进行连续免疫可以在携带 V3-聚糖 bNAb 前体 B 细胞的小鼠中重现这一过程。然而,在具有多克隆抗体库的动物中诱导 bNAb 更加困难。我们使用在病毒样颗粒 (VLP) 上多聚化的 V3-聚糖免疫原,然后用越来越接近天然的 Env-VLP 加强免疫原,以在非人灵长类动物 (NHP) 中引发异源中和抗体。初免和加强疫苗接种后抗体/Env 复合物的结构证明了靶表位识别,具有明显的成熟以适应聚糖。然而,我们还观察到随着加强的增加脱靶抗体。随后,八只接种过疫苗的 NHP 受到猿人免疫缺陷病毒 (SHIV) 的攻击,八只动物中有七只受到感染。在病毒攻击后保持未感染的单个 NHP 表现出针对攻击病毒的最低中和滴度之一。这些结果表明,连续免疫产生的更有效的异源中和对于该动物模型中的保护是必要的。因此,改进初免加强方案以提高 bNAb 效力和刺激其他免疫保护机制对于开发抗 HIV-1 疫苗至关重要。在病毒攻击后保持未感染的单个 NHP 表现出针对攻击病毒的最低中和滴度之一。这些结果表明,连续免疫产生的更有效的异源中和对于该动物模型中的保护是必要的。因此,改进初免加强方案以提高 bNAb 效力和刺激其他免疫保护机制对于开发抗 HIV-1 疫苗至关重要。在病毒攻击后保持未感染的单个 NHP 表现出针对攻击病毒的最低中和滴度之一。这些结果表明,连续免疫产生的更有效的异源中和对于该动物模型中的保护是必要的。因此,改进初免加强方案以提高 bNAb 效力和刺激其他免疫保护机制对于开发抗 HIV-1 疫苗至关重要。
更新日期:2021-11-25
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