Mitigation solutions are often evaluated in terms of costs and greenhouse gas reduction potentials, missing out on the consideration of direct effects on human well-being. Here, we systematically assess the mitigation potential of demand-side options categorized into avoid, shift and improve, and their human well-being links. We show that these options, bridging socio-behavioural, infrastructural and technological domains, can reduce counterfactual sectoral emissions by 40–80% in end-use sectors. Based on expert judgement and an extensive literature database, we evaluate 306 combinations of well-being outcomes and demand-side options, finding largely beneficial effects in improvement in well-being (79% positive, 18% neutral and 3% negative), even though we find low confidence on the social dimensions of well-being. Implementing such nuanced solutions is based axiomatically on an understanding of malleable rather than fixed preferences, and procedurally on changing infrastructures and choice architectures. Results demonstrate the high mitigation potential of demand-side mitigation options that are synergistic with well-being.

缓解解决方案通常根据成本和温室气体减排潜力进行评估，而忽略了对人类福祉的直接影响。在这里，我们系统地评估了需求侧选项的缓解潜力，分为避免、转移和改进，以及它们与人类福祉的联系。我们表明，这些选项将社会行为、基础设施和技术领域联系起来，可以将最终用途部门的反事实部门排放减少 40-80%。基于专家判断和广泛的文献数据库，我们评估了 306 种幸福感结果和需求方选项的组合，发现在改善幸福感方面具有很大的有益效果（79% 正面、18% 中性和 3% 负面），甚至尽管我们发现人们对幸福的社会维度缺乏信心。实施这种细致入微的解决方案不言自明地基于对可塑性而非固定偏好的理解，并且在程序上基于不断变化的基础设施和选择架构。结果表明，与福祉协同的需求侧缓解方案具有很高的缓解潜力。