The effect of urbanization is often reflected both in lotic and lentic habitats, through changes in diversity and structural and compositional changes in macroinvertebrate communities. In this study, we focused on macroinvertebrate assemblage in lotic and lentic ecosystems of the Krąpiel River catchment area (NW Poland) with the following aims: (1) to determine the main driver in structuring lotic and lentic macroinvertebrate communities and the factors that influence them in urban versus rural landscapes; (2) to test whether the diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages in urban lotic/lentic ecosystems is lower than that in rural landscapes; (3) to identify characteristic macroinvertebrate species for urban and rural lotic/lentic ecosystems; to (4) determine species tolerance ranges and species optimums, with special emphasis on characteristic “urban” and “rural” species. Distance from study sites to built-up areas and conductivity were the main factors contributing to the separation of urban vs. rural habitats. For lotic sites, temperature, the percentage of built-up area, insolation, and oxygen concentration were the main factors significantly associated with changes in community composition. For lentic sites, insolation, temperature, and BOD₅ were recognized as the main factors which are significantly associated with changes in community composition. The results for lentic habitats were as expected: average species richness was higher in rural than in urban habitats. The characteristic species for each of the four habitat groups included Mideopsis orbicularis for Lentic rural habitats; Hygrobates longipalpis for Lotic rural habitats; Piona sp. for Lentic urban habitats; Mideopsis crassipes for Lotic urban habitats. Hygrobates longipalpis and Piona sp. were at the opposite sides with respect to the degree of urbanization. Result of this investigation has shown that the impact of urbanization and consequently the implementation of conservation measures should be viewed separately within the lentic and lotic gradient.

通过大型无脊椎动物群落的多样性变化以及结构和组成的变化，城市化的影响通常反映在湿地和静水生境中。在这项研究中，我们专注于 Krąpiel 河集水区（波兰西北部）的流水和静水生态系统中的大型无脊椎动物组合，目的如下：（1）确定构建水流和静水大型无脊椎动物群落的主要驱动因素以及影响它们的因素在城市与乡村景观中；(2) 检验城市湿地生态系统中大型无脊椎动物组合的多样性是否低于农村景观；(3) 为城市和农村的湿地/慢地生态系统确定特征性大型无脊椎动物物种；(4) 确定物种耐受范围和物种最佳值，特别强调特色的“城市”和“农村”物种。从研究地点到建成区的距离和电导率是导致城市与农村栖息地分离的主要因素。对于湿地，温度、建成区百分比、日照和氧气浓度是与群落组成变化显着相关的主要因素。对于透镜点、日照、温度和 BOD_5个被认为是与群落组成变化显着相关的主要因素。慢栖息地的结果如预期的那样：农村栖息地的平均物种丰富度高于城市栖息地。对于四个栖息群的特征种包括 Mideopsis眼轮匝肌的Lentic里农村生境; Hygrobates longipalpis在 Lotic 农村栖息地；Piona sp. Lentic 城市栖息地；Lotic城市栖息地的拟南芥。Hygrobates longipalpis和Piona sp。城市化程度则相反。这项调查的结果表明，城市化的影响以及保护措施的实施应该在缓坡和缓坡梯度内分开看待。