The interconnection between anthropogenic and natural surface loads and seismicity continues to be poorly understood. The metropolitan Salt Lake City in Utah hosts various industrial, hydrological, and tectonic processes, including the Bingham Canyon mine and its associated tailings facility, precipitation and water storage at the surface and in aquifers, as well as the seismically active Wasatch Fault Zone. The March 18, 2020 M5.7 Magna earthquake occurred east of a mine tailings impoundment that receives ∼60 million tons/yr of ore waste products since the early 1900s. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal elastic stress changes due to anthropogenic mass transfer and natural hydrological loading and unloading. Two local earthquake clusters host persistent microseismicity and the 2020 M5.7 Magna earthquake sequence. The amplitude and sign of the computed Coulomb stress changes at seismogenic depths strongly vary with the receiver fault geometry, the frictional coefficient, and the location, and can reach tens of kPa and ∼1 kPa/yr due to the tailings loads, a substantial fraction of background tectonic loading. The long-term and seasonal stress changes from regional hydrological processes are only up to a few kPa. A lack of statistically significant seasonality in seismicity across Utah suggests a weak control by cyclic hydrological loads. Explicit knowledge of the fault architecture is essential to allow for seismic hazard assessment considering external stress loading.

中文翻译：

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盐湖城地区水文和工业负荷以及地震引起的应力扰动

人为和自然地表载荷与地震活动之间的相互联系仍然知之甚少。犹他州大都会盐湖城承载着各种工业、水文和构造过程，包括宾厄姆峡谷矿及其相关的尾矿设施、地表和含水层的降水和蓄水，以及地震活跃的瓦萨奇断层带。2020 年 3 月 18 日 M5.7 大地震发生在矿山尾矿蓄水池以东，自 1900 年代初以来，该蓄水池每年接收约 6000 万吨矿石废料。在这里，我们研究了由于人为传质和自然水文加载和卸载引起的时空弹性应力变化。两个局部地震群具有持续性微地震和 2020 M5.7 Magna 地震序列。在地震发生深度计算出的库仑应力变化的幅度和符号随接收器断层几何形状、摩擦系数和位置而变化很大，并且由于尾矿载荷，可以达到数十 kPa 和 ~1 kPa/yr，其中很大一部分背景构造载荷。区域水文过程的长期和季节性压力变化仅高达几 kPa。犹他州地震活动缺乏统计上显着的季节性表明循环水文负荷控制较弱。断层结构的明确知识对于考虑外部应力加载的地震危险性评估至关重要。并且由于尾矿载荷（占背景构造载荷的很大一部分），可以达到数十 kPa 和 ~1 kPa/yr。区域水文过程的长期和季节性压力变化仅高达几 kPa。犹他州地震活动缺乏统计上显着的季节性表明循环水文负荷控制较弱。断层结构的明确知识对于考虑外部应力加载的地震危险性评估至关重要。并且由于尾矿载荷（占背景构造载荷的很大一部分），可以达到数十 kPa 和 ~1 kPa/yr。区域水文过程的长期和季节性压力变化仅高达几 kPa。犹他州地震活动缺乏统计上显着的季节性表明循环水文负荷控制较弱。断层结构的明确知识对于考虑外部应力加载的地震危险性评估至关重要。