Glycine-aspartic acid‑serine-leucine (GDSL) type lipases/esterases genes play critical roles in plant development and are related to the responses to abiotic and biotic stress. However, little is known about the GDSL family in pear (Pyrus spp.). Studies have shown GDSL-domain proteins play key roles in suberin deposition. Suberin deposition in the fruit epidermis, also called russeting, is an important defect that negatively affects consumer's appeal in some fruit species, such as pear, apple and grapevine. Fruit russeting is mainly associated with cuticle microcracking and suberin accumulation in the inner part of the epidermal cell walls. To gain insight into the role of the GDSL gene family in suberin deposition and russet development in pear, we performed a genome-wide characterization of the GDSL family, including their identification, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns, in different tissues/organs in pear. One hundred and thirteen GDSL-type lipases/esterases genes were identified in the pear genome, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that GDSL family can be classified into four distinct groups. Thirty GDSL genes were co-expressed with five homolog pear genes of three well-known suberin biosynthesis Arabidopsis genes (AtGPAT5, AtASFT, and AtCYP86B1) in the transcriptional co-expression network during pear fruit development. Among the 30 co-expressed GDSL genes, twelve genes were further analyzed by quantitative Real-time PCR, and the results showed the expression levels of the 12 genes were different between the russet exocarp and green exocarp of sand pear at different fruit development stages. Our study provides a detailed overview of the GDSL gene family and lays the foundation for future functional characterization of GDSL genes in P. bretschneideri.

甘氨酸 - 天冬氨酸 - 丝氨酸 - 亮氨酸（GDSL）型脂肪酶/酯酶基因在植物发育中起关键作用，并且与对非生物和生物胁迫的反应有关。然而，人们对梨（ Pyrus spp.）中的 GDSL 家族知之甚少。研究表明 GDSL 结构域蛋白在木栓质沉积中起关键作用。果实表皮中的木栓质沉积，也称为赤褐色，是一种重要的缺陷，会对梨、苹果和葡萄藤等某些水果品种的消费者吸引力产生负面影响。果实赤褐色主要与表皮细胞壁内部的角质层微裂和木栓质积累有关。深入了解GDSL的作用在梨木栓质沉积和赤褐色发育中的基因家族中，我们对GDSL家族进行了全基因组表征，包括它们在梨不同组织/器官中的鉴定、染色体定位、系统发育关系和表达模式。在梨基因组中鉴定出 113 个 GDSL 型脂肪酶/酯酶基因，系统发育分析表明 GDSL 家族可分为四个不同的组。三十个 GDSL基因与三个众所周知的木栓质生物合成拟南芥基因（AtGPAT5、AtASFT和AtCYP86B1 ）的五个同源梨基因共表达) 在梨果实发育过程中的转录共表达网络中。对30个共表达的GDSL基因中，12个基因进行了定量Real-time PCR进一步分析，结果表明这12个基因在不同果实发育阶段的沙梨赤褐色外果皮和绿色外果皮的表达水平存在差异。我们的研究提供了GDSL基因家族的详细概述，并为未来P. Bretschneideri 中GDSL基因的功能表征奠定了基础。