Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.11.017 Zi-bo Li 1 , Lianwen Liu 1 , Xiancai Lu 1 , Yi Cao 2 , Junfeng Ji 1 , Jun Chen 1
Fungi actively enhance the local dissolution of nutrient-bearing minerals through the combined biomechanical and biochemical actions of their hyphal tips to obtain mineral-bound inorganic nutrients (MINs). However, little is known about the dynamic processes underlying hyphal tip-mineral interactions. Here, we assess the adhesive force between a single hypha of the common fungus Talaromyces flavus and the Fe-bearing silicate lizardite and quartz (as a control), as well as hyphal tip-induced lizardite weathering and hyphal Fe uptake. We showed that T. flavus hyphae formed their maximal adhesive force with lizardite at the growing tips, reaching 6.11 ± 0.69 nN after a contact time of one minute. The adhesive forces of the tip-lizardite interface within two minutes were >2.65 times stronger than those of the tip-quartz interface. Examination of the hyphal tip-lizardite interface after 18 h indicated the formation of dissolution channels with a depth of 27.7 ± 8.0 nm. Furthermore, the hyphal tips resulted in an altered lizardite up to 46 nm. The thickness of the altered lizardite increased to ∼130 nm after contact with the mature regions of the hyphae for ∼173 min. And the altered lizardite was found to have depleted Fe levels that increased with increasing contact time. The total content of Fe in T. flavus associated with the lizardite surface after 18 h was 52.98 ± 12.20 nmol mg−1, which was 6 times greater than the total amount of Fe in quartz surface-associated T. flavus after 24 h of culture. These results demonstrate that fungi access MINs by the active development of a strong adhesive force with target minerals through their hyphal tips, effectively enabling fungi to flourish in heterogeneous environments and be major geological agents for biogeochemical transformation.
中文翻译:
菌丝尖端主动与含养分的硅酸盐形成强附着力,促进矿物风化和养分获取
真菌通过菌丝尖端的生物力学和生化作用,积极促进含养分矿物质的局部溶解,以获得矿物质结合无机养分(MINs)。然而,关于菌丝尖端-矿物质相互作用的动态过程知之甚少。在这里,我们评估了常见真菌Talaromyces flavus的单个菌丝与含铁硅酸盐蜥蜴石和石英(作为对照)之间的粘附力,以及菌丝尖端引起的蜥蜴石风化和菌丝 Fe 吸收。我们证明T. flavus菌丝在生长尖端与蜥蜴石形成最大粘附力,接触一分钟后达到 6.11 ± 0.69 nN。两分钟内尖晶石界面的粘附力比尖晶石界面的粘附力强 2.65 倍以上。18 小时后对菌丝尖端-蜥蜴石界面的检查表明形成了深度为 27.7 ± 8.0 nm 的溶解通道。此外,菌丝尖端导致了长达 46 nm 的改变的蜥蜴。在与菌丝成熟区域接触约 173 分钟后,蚀变蜥蜴的厚度增加到约 130 nm。并且发现改变的蜥蜴石已经耗尽了铁含量,随着接触时间的增加而增加。黄曲霉中铁的总含量18 小时后与蜥蜴表面相关的铁含量为 52.98 ± 12.20 nmol mg -1,是培养 24 小时后石英表面相关黄褐斑藻中 Fe 总量的 6 倍。这些结果表明,真菌通过菌丝尖端与目标矿物的强粘附力的积极发展来接近 MIN,有效地使真菌能够在异质环境中繁殖,并成为生物地球化学转化的主要地质因素。