We present a non-iterative and model-free algorithm for three-dimensional (3D) single emitter localization. Our algorithm decodes the axial position and the emitter width via the ratio of the first and second Fourier harmonic. The retrieved width information is further used for dynamic extraction of the proper region of interest to robustly eliminate the outer noisy background, thus improving the localization precision over existing non-iterative algorithms. Using simulated and experimental datasets, we demonstrate that our algorithm achieves localization precision approaching the state-of-the-art iterative fitting-based methods in all three dimensions at two orders of magnitude faster speed, applicable in various 3D single-molecule localization techniques.

中文翻译：

---

具有增强谐波分析的稳健发射器定位

我们提出了一种用于三维 (3D) 单发射器定位的非迭代和无模型算法。我们的算法通过一次和二次傅里叶谐波的比率解码轴向位置和发射器宽度。检索到的宽度信息进一步用于动态提取适当的感兴趣区域，以稳健地消除外部噪声背景，从而提高现有非迭代算法的定位精度。使用模拟和实验数据集，我们证明我们的算法在所有三个维度上以快两个数量级的速度实现了接近最先进的基于迭代拟合的方法的定位精度，适用于各种 3D 单分子定位技术。