Sediment transport is a complex hydrological phenomenon that influences water resources, ecosystems, soil and water quality. The evaluation of sediment yield and mitigation practices are the mechanism to enhance the water resource potential. The study was aimed at simulating the sediment yield and the impact of three best management scenarios in the Upper and Middle Awash River Basin (UMARB). The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (ArcSWAT 2012) was used to simulate and identify high sediment yield prone areas in the catchment by the implementation of three management practices such as filter strips, terraces, and grassed waterways. The model results indicated a good agreement between observed and simulated streamflow and sediment yield in the baseline scenario. The mean annual sediment yield was 21.43 ton/ha/yr. The implementation of 5 and 10 m filter strips reduced the mean annual sediment yield by 31.68% and 46.6%, respectively. Terraces and grassed waterways were showed a reduction of sediment yield by 19.56% and 16.64%, respectively. Filter strips were found to provide the highest reduction of sediment yield in each sub-basin and the outlet of the catchment. Besides, the combination of the three management scenarios has reduced the values of sediment yield by 50.88% from the baseline, and the mean annual sediment yield becomes 10.53 ton/ha/yr. In these results, the efficiency of soil conservation practices would increase by applying more than two sediment management scenarios in the study area. The study delivered important information for the reduction of sediment yield and implementation of sustainable watershed management in the UMARB.

泥沙迁移是影响水资源、生态系统、土壤和水质的复杂水文现象。产沙量评估和减缓措施是提高水资源潜力的机制。该研究旨在模拟上阿瓦什河流域和中阿瓦什河流域 (UMARB) 三种最佳管理方案的产沙量和影响。土壤和水评估工具 (ArcSWAT 2012) 用于通过实施过滤带、梯田和草水道等三种管理实践来模拟和识别流域内的高产泥沙易发区域。模型结果表明，在基线情景中观察到的和模拟的水流和泥沙产量之间有很好的一致性。年平均产沙量为 21.43 吨/公顷/年。5 米和 10 米滤带的实施使年平均产沙量分别降低了 31.68% 和 46.6%。梯田和草地水道的产沙量分别减少了 19.56% 和 16.64%。发现过滤条可以最大程度地减少每个子流域和集水区出口的沉积物产量。此外，三种管理方案的组合使产沙量较基线降低了 50.88%，平均年产沙量为 10.53 吨/公顷/年。在这些结果中，通过在研究区域应用两种以上的沉积物管理方案，可以提高土壤保持实践的效率。该研究为减少泥沙产量和在 UMARB 实施可持续流域管理提供了重要信息。