Background/aims To evaluate the PandAcuity test for visual function testing in a paediatric cohort and to examine its agreement with conventional visual acuity (VA) testing. Methods PandAcuity scores were determined in 152 children (77 males) aged between 3 and 15 years after VA testing (LEATM-test, E-chart, Landolt-C-rings or numbers). The PandAcuity test consisted of illusions made up from silhouettes of animals ‘hidden’ within zig-zag-patterns of decreasing spatial frequencies. Correlation analyses between PandAcuity score and VA were performed. Results 150 children completed the test in at least one eye, 148 in both eyes. The PandAcuity test demonstrated good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.89) between two runs. VA and PandAcuity score showed a medium to large correlation (Spearman’s ρ=0.52, p<0.0001). 93% of the children’s visual impairment was classified in the same range by both test types. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of predicted visual impairment showed an excellent agreement with the classification based on VA testing (AUC=0.84). Conclusion The PandAcuity test is rapid, simple and well accepted, rendering it a suitable supplement for the clinical assessment of VA in children. Because of its counterintuitive application (a higher number of correctly identified images means worse VA), it can be used to cross-validate conventional acuity tests to assure children’s compliance.

中文翻译：

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儿科 PandAcuity：一种基于熊猫错觉的新型视觉功能临床测量方法

背景/目的 评估用于儿科队列视功能测试的 PandAcuity 测试，并检查其与常规视力 (VA) 测试的一致性。方法 在 VA 测试（LEATM-测试、E-图表、Landolt-C-环或数字）后，对 152 名年龄在 3 至 15 岁之间的儿童（77 名男性）进行 PandAcuity 评分。PandAcuity 测试包括错觉，这些错觉由“隐藏”在空间频率递减的锯齿形图案中的动物轮廓组成。进行了 PandAcuity 评分和 VA 之间的相关性分析。结果150名儿童至少一只眼完成测试，148名双眼完成测试。PandAcuity 测试在两次运行之间展示了良好的重测可靠性（组内相关系数 = 0.89）。VA 和 PandAcuity 评分显示出中到大的相关性（Spearman 的 ρ=0.52，p<0.0001）。93% 的儿童视力障碍被两种测试类型分类在同一范围内。预测视力障碍的接受者操作特征分析显示与基于 VA 测试的分类非常一致 (AUC=0.84)。结论 PandAcuity检测快速、简便、广为接受，适合作为儿童VA临床评估的补充。由于其违反直觉的应用（正确识别的图像数量越多意味着 VA 越差），它可用于交叉验证传统的视力测试以确保儿童的依从性。结论 PandAcuity检测快速、简便、广为接受，适合作为儿童VA临床评估的补充。由于其违反直觉的应用（正确识别的图像数量越多意味着 VA 越差），它可用于交叉验证传统的视力测试以确保儿童的依从性。结论 PandAcuity检测快速、简便、广为接受，适合作为儿童VA临床评估的补充。由于其违反直觉的应用（正确识别的图像数量越多意味着 VA 越差），它可用于交叉验证传统的视力测试以确保儿童的依从性。