Recent results from water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions highlight the need to better understand environmental influences on enteropathogen transmission. We quantified a range of viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens and one indicator, Enterococcus faecalis in soil and water from urban and rural sites in and around Yangon, Myanmar. We found that environmental characteristics associated with contamination differed by pathogens and substrates. In soil, bacterial pathogen gene counts were associated with elevation and drainage ditches (compared to stagnant water) (RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99 and RR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.18, 2.45, respectively), while viral gene counts were associated with the presence of sanitation facilities within 50 m of the collection point (RR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.12, 14.24). In water, E. faecalis, total pathogen, and bacterial pathogen gene counts were associated with drainage ditches (RR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.27, 2.72, RR = 1.38 95% CI 1.09, 1.74, and RR = 1.38 95% CI 1.07, 1.77, respectively). E. faecalis, total pathogen, bacterial pathogen, and viral gene counts were associated with the presence of uncollected garbage within 50 m of the collection point (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.00, 2.47, RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.16, 2.00, RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.13, 2.06, and RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.17, 2.61 respectively). Measuring the environment provides added specificity toward identifying important environmental pathways that require mitigation.

中文翻译：

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缅甸大仰光地区环境病原体污染的决定因素

水、环境卫生和个人卫生干预措施的最新结果强调需要更好地了解环境对肠道病原体传播的影响。我们量化了缅甸仰光及其周边城市和农村地区土壤和水中的一系列病毒、细菌和原生动物病原体和一个指标，即粪肠球菌。我们发现与污染相关的环境特征因病原体和底物而异。在土壤中，细菌病原体基因计数与海拔和排水沟渠（与死水相比）相关（RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99 和 RR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.18, 2.45），而病毒基因计数与收集点 50 m 范围内的卫生设施有关（RR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.12, 14.24）。在水里，粪肠球菌、总病原体和细菌病原体基因计数与排水沟相关（RR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.27, 2.72, RR = 1.38 95% CI 1.09, 1.74, RR = 1.38 95% CI 1.07, 1.77,分别）。粪肠球菌、总病原体、细菌病原体和病毒基因计数与收集点 50 m 内未收集垃圾的存在相关（RR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.00, 2.47, RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.16, 2.00、RR = 1.52、95% CI 1.13、2.06 和 RR = 1.75、95% CI 1.17、2.61）。测量环境为确定需要缓解的重要环境路径提供了额外的特异性。