In this Letter, we show 3D steady-state trapping and manipulation of vapor bubbles in liquids employing a low-power continuous-wave laser using the Marangoni effect. Light absorption from photodeposited silver nanoparticles on the distal end of a multi-mode optical fiber is used to produce bubbles of different diameters. The thermal effects produced by either the nanoparticles on the fiber tip or the light bulk absorption modulate the surface tension of the bubble wall and creates both longitudinal and transversal forces just like optical forces, effectively creating a 3D potential well. Using numerical simulations, we obtain expressions for the temperature profiles and present analytical expressions for the Marangoni force. In addition, using an array of three fibers with photodeposited nanoparticles is used to demonstrate the transfer of bubbles from one fiber to another by sequentially switching on and off the lasers.

中文翻译：

---

Marangoni 力对微气泡的 3D 捕获

在这封信中，我们展示了使用低功率连续波激光器利用 Marangoni 效应对液体中的蒸汽气泡进行 3D 稳态捕获和操纵。多模光纤远端的光沉积银纳米颗粒的光吸收用于产生不同直径的气泡。由纤维尖端上的纳米粒子或光体吸收产生的热效应调节气泡壁的表面张力，并产生纵向和横向力，就像光学力一样，有效地创建 3D 势阱。使用数值模拟，我们获得了温度曲线的表达式，并给出了 Marangoni 力的解析表达式。此外，