Alasia Nuti’s important recent book, Injustice and the Reproduction of History: Structural Inequalities, Gender and Redress (2019), makes many persuasive interventions. Nuti shows how structural injustice theory is enriched by being explicitly historical; in theorizing historical-structural injustice, she lays bare the mechanisms of how the injustices of history reproduce themselves. For Nuti, historical-structural patterns are not only shaped by habitual behaviors that are or appear to be morally permissible, but also by individual wrongdoing and wrongdoing by powerful group agents like states. In this article, I extend Nuti’s rich analysis, focusing on two questions that arise from her theory of historical-structural injustice: (1) Beyond being blameworthy for wrongful acts themselves, are culpable wrongdoers blameworthy for contributing to structural injustice? (2) Does historical moral ignorance mitigate moral responsibility for past injustice? Regarding (1), I distinguish between the local and societal structural effects of wrongdoing. Though I think this distinction is well-founded, it ultimately leads to tensions with structural injustice theory’s idea of ordinary individuals being blameless for reproducing unjust structures. Regarding (2), I argue that even though it is natural for the question of historical moral ignorance to arise in considering past wrongdoing, at least in the case of powerful group agents, we should not overlook forms of cruelty which present-day moral concepts are not needed to condemn.

阿拉西亚·努蒂 (Alasia Nuti) 近期出版的重要著作《不公正与历史再现：结构性不平等、性别和补救》(2019)，做了许多有说服力的干预。Nuti 展示了结构性不公正理论是如何通过明确的历史性来丰富的；在对历史结构不公正进行理论化时，她揭示了历史不公正如何自我复制的机制。对于 Nuti 来说，历史结构模式不仅由道德上允许或看起来是允许的习惯行为塑造，而且还由个人的不当行为和国家等强大的群体代理人的不当行为塑造。在这篇文章中，我扩展了 Nuti 丰富的分析，重点关注她的历史-结构不公正理论中出现的两个问题：（1）除了应为不法行为本身承担责任之外，有罪的不法行为者是否应因促成结构性不公正而受到指责？(2) 历史上的道德无知是否减轻了对过去不公正的道德责任？关于（1），我区分了不法行为的地方和社会结构性影响。虽然我认为这种区分是有根据的，但它最终导致与结构不公正理论的观点之间的紧张关系，即普通人在复制不公正结构方面是无可指责的。关于（2），我认为即使在考虑过去的不法行为时自然会出现历史道德无知的问题，至少在强大的群体代理人的情况下，我们不应该忽视当今道德概念所具有的残酷形式不需要谴责。