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Reckless gambles and responsible ventures: Racialized prototypes of risk-taking.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ( IF 8.460 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-15 , DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000287
James E Wages 1 , Sylvia P Perry 1 , Allison L Skinner-Dorkenoo 1 , Galen V Bodenhausen 1
Affiliation  

Risk-taking is sometimes admired and sometimes disparaged. In this research, we examine previously unexplored questions concerning how membership in social groups is related to expectations and perceptions of risk-taking. We propose that prototypes of risk-takers incorporate racial associations. We conducted five studies (NTotal = 1,603, predominantly White residents of the United States) examining whether prototypes of risk-takers-primarily reckless and responsible ones-activate racial stereotypes and discrimination. We first focused on whether participants perceive Black (vs. White) men as more likely to engage in risk-taking, broadly construed (Study 1). Next, we tested whether the trait attributions (Studies 2 and 3) and mental images constructed with the reverse correlation task (Study 3) of reckless risk-takers are more stereotypically Black (and less White) than responsible risk-takers. In Study 4, we employed an investment game to investigate participants' willingness to trust targets we depicted using the racialized mental images of reckless and responsible risk-takers derived from Study 3. A final study examined whether thinking about reckless risk-takers evokes Black stereotypes broadly, including even positive stereotype content. Findings confirmed that reckless risk-takers were imagined as more phenotypically Black and as having more stereotypically Black traits (both positive and negative), compared with responsible risk-takers. Theoretical and practical implications for this novel stereotype content in the domain of risk are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

鲁莽的赌博和负责任的冒险:冒险的种族化原型。

冒险有时受到赞赏,有时受到贬低。在这项研究中,我们研究了以前未探索的问题,即社会群体成员如何与对冒险的期望和感知相关。我们建议冒险者的原型包含种族关联。我们进行了五项研究(NTotal = 1,603,主要是美国的白人居民),检查冒险者的原型——主要是鲁莽和负责任的人——是否会激活种族刻板印象和歧视。我们首先关注参与者是否认为黑人(与白人)男性更有可能参与风险承担,广义上的解释(研究 1)。下一个,我们测试了鲁莽冒险者的特质归因(研究 2 和 3)和通过反向相关任务(研究 3)构建的心理图像是否比负责任的冒险者更典型地是黑人(而不是白人)。在研究 4 中,我们使用投资游戏来调查参与者对我们所描绘的目标的信任意愿,这些目标使用来自研究 3 的鲁莽和负责任的冒险者的种族化心理形象。广泛地,甚至包括积极的刻板印象内容。研究结果证实,与负责任的冒险者相比,鲁莽的冒险者被想象为更具表型的黑人,并且具有更多刻板的黑人特征(正面和负面)。讨论了风险领域中这种新颖的刻板印象内容的理论和实践意义。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2021-11-15
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