The high sensitivity of Lorentz sensors comes from its narrowband resonant characteristics marked by rapid slope change of slope of its phase spectrum, a phenomenon known as Anomalous dispersion. Unlike conventional microwave resonant sensors which have a resonant amplitude, the Lorentz sensors also have unique signature in its phase spectra which adds a second degrees of freedom in detection and removes ambiguity in the identification of the resonant frequency. We demonstrate two sensing applications in which ultra-high sensitivity is required. In particular, we show that by exploiting the high electric field regions in Lorentz resonators detection of low density gaseous water states (steam) and sub-wavelength sized biomaterials is possible. The material sensing is performed by characterizing the resonant shifts in the frequency range of 1 to 2 GHz. Depending on the gaseous state concentrations, the dielectric constant of the detected steam lies between 1.04 and 1.6 GHz. The Lorentz resonator is shown to distinguish accurately between different sub-wavelength samples derived from different parts of chicken. We anticipate that the proposed sensor can be used in biosensing of cancerous cells and in detecting low-permittivity poisonous gaseous matter such as clear smoke, carbon mono oxide, methane and nitrogen.

中文翻译：

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用于检测低介电常数气态水状态和亚波长生物样品的超灵敏洛伦兹微波传感器

洛伦兹传感器的高灵敏度来自其窄带谐振特性，其特征是相位谱斜率的快速斜率变化，这种现象称为反常色散。与具有谐振幅度的传统微波谐振传感器不同，洛伦兹传感器在其相位谱中还具有独特的特征，这增加了检测的第二自由度并消除了谐振频率识别中的歧义。我们展示了两种需要超高灵敏度的传感应用。特别是，我们表明，通过利用洛伦兹谐振器中的高电场区域来检测低密度气态水状态（蒸汽）和亚波长生物材料是可能的。材料感测是通过表征 1 至 2 GHz 频率范围内的共振位移来执行的。根据气态浓度，检测到的蒸汽的介电常数介于 1.04 和 1.6 GHz 之间。洛伦兹谐振器被证明可以准确地区分来自鸡不同部位的不同亚波长样本。我们预计所提出的传感器可用于癌细胞的生物传感和检测低介电常数有毒气体物质，如清烟、一氧化碳、甲烷和氮气。