Anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor (AnOMBR) attracted attention due to high quality effluent production with low energy demand, and draw solute has significant effect on the system performance. However, the mutual relationship between draw solute-induced salinity accumulation and microbial community had many unknown questions to be solved. This study purpose was to construct two AnOMBR to compare the impact of draw solutes of NaCl and MgCl₂ on the dynamic change of microbial ecology and membrane fouling. The result indicated that the draw solute of MgCl₂ caused less salinity and more membrane biofouling than that of the draw solute NaCl. Multiple microbiological analysis methods were applied to discover keystone species related to the conductivity change and membrane fouling, especially for the MgCl₂-AnOMBR system. It was found that draw solute NaCl could benefit the growth of Proteobacteria to become the most abundant phylum to affect the membrane fouling, while Mg²⁺ introduction could stimulate the growth of NS9, Hydrogenphilaceae and Pedosphaeraceae to potentially cause the biofouling. Furthermore, phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (pMENs) deeply analyzed the microbial structure difference under Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ introduction, and indicated that the family Lentimicrobiaceae and Candidatus_Kaiserbacteria were the keystone species in NaCl-AnOMBR, while two genus Anaerolinea and SWB02, and two families Saprospiraceae and NS9 were discovered to have key effect in MgCl₂-AnOMBR due to their strong extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production ability for survival of other microorganisms. This study was significant to give microbial targets under the impact of various draw solutes, as the reference for the engineers to further investigate how to improve the microbial structure to enhance AnOMBR performance and inhibit the membrane biofouling.

厌氧渗透膜生物反应器 (AnOMBR) 因生产出水质量高、能耗低而备受关注，并且吸引溶质对系统性能有显着影响。然而，绘制溶质引起的盐度积累与微生物群落之间的相互关系还有许多未知问题有待解决。本研究的目的是构建两个 AnOMBR 来比较 NaCl 和 MgCl _{2 驱动}溶质对微生物生态和膜污染的动态变化的影响。结果表明，MgCl ₂的吸引溶质与驱动溶质 NaCl 相比，导致更少的盐度和更多的膜生物污染。应用多种微生物分析方法来发现与电导率变化和膜污染相关的关键物种，特别是对于 MgCl ₂ -AnOMBR 系统。研究发现，吸入溶质 NaCl 有利于Proteobacteria的生长，成为影响膜污染的最丰富的门，而 Mg ^{2+ 的}引入可以刺激NS9、Hydrogenphilaceae和Pedosphaeraceae的生长，可能导致生物污染。此外，系统发育分子生态网络（pMENs）深入分析了 Na ⁺和 Mg下微生物结构的差异²⁺介绍，表明Lentimicrobiaceae和Candidatus_Kaiserbacteria是 NaCl-AnOMBR 中的关键物种，而Anaerolinea和SWB02两个属，以及Saprospiraceae和NS9两个家族由于其强大的胞外作用被发现在 MgCl ₂ -AnOMBR 中起关键作用。聚合物物质 (EPS) 生产能力，使其他微生物得以生存。该研究对于给出各种驱动溶质影响下的微生物靶标具有重要意义，为工程师进一步研究如何改善微生物结构以提高AnOMBR性能和抑制膜生物污染提供参考。