Meiotic recombination is not only fundamental to the adaptation of sexually reproducing eukaryotes in nature but increased recombination rates facilitate the combination of favourable alleles into a single haplotype in breeding programmes. The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess the extent and distribution of the recombination rate variation in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), (ii) quantify the importance of the general and specific recombination effects, and (iii) evaluate a genomic selection approach’s ability to predict the recombination rate variation. Genetic maps were created for the 45 segregating populations that were derived from crosses among 23 spring barley inbreds with origins across the world. The genome-wide recombination rate among populations ranged from 0.31 to 0.73 cM/Mbp. The crossing design used in this study allowed to separate the general recombination effects (GRE) of individual parental inbreds from the specific recombination effects (SRE) caused by the combinations of parental inbreds. The variance of the genome-wide GRE was found to be about eight times the variance of the SRE. This finding indicated that parental inbreds differ in the efficiency of their recombination machinery. The ability to predict the chromosome or genome-wide recombination rate of an inbred ranged from 0.80 to 0.85. These results suggest that a reliable screening of large genetic materials for their potential to cause a high extent of genetic recombination in their progeny is possible, allowing to systematically manipulate the recombination rate using natural variation.

中文翻译：

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大麦重组率变异的基因组预测——高重组基因型的途径

减数分裂重组不仅是自然界有性繁殖真核生物适应的基础，而且重组率的提高有助于在育种计划中将有利的等位基因组合成单一的单倍型。本研究的主要目的是 (i) 评估栽培大麦 ( Hordeum vulgare ) 重组率变化的程度和分布。L.），（ii）量化一般和特定重组效应的重要性，以及（iii）评估基因组选择方法预测重组率变化的能力。为来自世界各地的 23 个春大麦自交系的杂交衍生的 45 个隔离种群创建了遗传图谱。群体间的全基因组重组率范围为 0.31 至 0.73 cM/Mbp。本研究中使用的杂交设计允许将单个亲本自交系的一般重组效应 (GRE) 与亲本自交系组合引起的特定重组效应 (SRE) 区分开来。发现全基因组 GRE 的方差约为 SRE 方差的八倍。这一发现表明，亲本自交系的重组机制的效率不同。预测近交系染色体或全基因组重组率的能力范围为 0.80 到 0.85。这些结果表明，对大型遗传材料进行可靠的筛选是可能的，因为它们有可能在其后代中引起高度的基因重组，从而可以使用自然变异系统地操纵重组率。