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Chevalier barley: The influence of a world-leading malting variety
Crop Science ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-15 , DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20668 Jenny Hagenblad 1 , Matti W. Leino 2
Crop Science ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-15 , DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20668 Jenny Hagenblad 1 , Matti W. Leino 2
Affiliation
During the 19th century, ‘Chevalier’, said to have been developed from a single plant found in 1820, was the world-leading malting barley (Hordeum vulgare). The superior malting quality of Chevalier lead to its world-wide spread at the time of the development of the malting industry. In this study, we investigate how this cultivar was spread and adopted to Nordic seed systems of the time. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of up to 155-yr-old museum specimens of historical grains labelled “Chevalier” and of Chevalier accessions preserved in genebanks, in total 282 individuals representing 47 accessions, allowed us to divide the accessions into four categories: True Chevalier, seed mixtures, crosses, and non-Chevaliers. Comparisons with previously genotyped Nordic landraces showed how, in the 19th century, Chevalier seed was mixed with locally produced landrace seed and cultivated together. We suggest that spontaneous outbreeding events gave rise to hybrids which were subsequently selected and propagated when resulting in superior genetic combinations. Such farmer-driven breeding activities would have preceded modern plant breeding but resembled the breeding principles that were later used, even though the scientific understanding of inheritance was not yet known.
中文翻译:
Chevalier 大麦:世界领先的麦芽品种的影响
在 19 世纪,'Chevalier',据说是从 1820 年发现的单一植物发展而来的,是世界领先的麦芽大麦(Hordeum vulgare)。其士卓越的麦芽品质,使其在麦芽工业发展之际,风靡全球。在这项研究中,我们调查了这个品种是如何传播并被当时的北欧种子系统采用的。对长达 155 年历史的标记为“Chevalier”的历史谷物和保存在基因库中的 Chevalier 种质的博物馆标本进行单核苷酸多态性基因分型,总共 282 个人代表 47 个种质,使我们能够将种质分为四类:真正的 Chevalier,种子混合物、十字架和非骑士。与以前基因分型的北欧地方品种的比较表明,在 19 世纪,Chevalier 种子如何与当地生产的地方品种种子混合并一起种植。我们认为,自发的近亲繁殖事件产生了杂种,这些杂种随后在产生优良的遗传组合时被选择和繁殖。这种由农民驱动的育种活动早于现代植物育种,但类似于后来使用的育种原则,尽管对遗传的科学理解尚不清楚。
更新日期:2021-11-15
中文翻译:
Chevalier 大麦:世界领先的麦芽品种的影响
在 19 世纪,'Chevalier',据说是从 1820 年发现的单一植物发展而来的,是世界领先的麦芽大麦(Hordeum vulgare)。其士卓越的麦芽品质,使其在麦芽工业发展之际,风靡全球。在这项研究中,我们调查了这个品种是如何传播并被当时的北欧种子系统采用的。对长达 155 年历史的标记为“Chevalier”的历史谷物和保存在基因库中的 Chevalier 种质的博物馆标本进行单核苷酸多态性基因分型,总共 282 个人代表 47 个种质,使我们能够将种质分为四类:真正的 Chevalier,种子混合物、十字架和非骑士。与以前基因分型的北欧地方品种的比较表明,在 19 世纪,Chevalier 种子如何与当地生产的地方品种种子混合并一起种植。我们认为,自发的近亲繁殖事件产生了杂种,这些杂种随后在产生优良的遗传组合时被选择和繁殖。这种由农民驱动的育种活动早于现代植物育种,但类似于后来使用的育种原则,尽管对遗传的科学理解尚不清楚。