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Recent advances in sustainable organic transformations using methanol: expanding the scope of hydrogen-borrowing catalysis
Organic Chemistry Frontiers ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-27 , DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01412a
Lalit Mohan Kabadwal 1 , Sourajit Bera 1 , Debasis Banerjee 1
Affiliation  

The present review focuses on recent progress achieved from 2017 to March 2021 using methanol as a C1-alkylating agent. A series of novel metal-catalyzed hydrogen-borrowing processes has been developed using methanol. Most importantly, the non-precious-metal-catalyzed activation and functionalization of methanol are discussed in detail, including mechanistic investigations. The design of interesting pincer complexes for the conceptual activation of methanol, which holds great potential, is covered. Furthermore, the methylation of nitroarenes or alkanes and the upgrading of methanol to higher-order alcohols, including Guerbet-type transformations and β-alkylations using molecularly defined catalysts, are discussed. Recently reported C, N, and O methylations will be covered, including ketone alkylations (α or β), N-formylations, amidations, and sulfonylations, as well as other interesting areas. The exciting applications of industrially important heterogeneous catalysts and their application in methanol activation are covered. The synthesis of various important drugs having a “–CH3” motif and late-stage methylation, including the incorporation of the medicinally useful “–CD3” motif, are interesting additions to the present discussions. Photo- and electro-catalytic transformations using methanol will also be discussed. The limited number of review articles covering this subject area has limited its understanding; therefore, we believe that this updated review article is necessary to focus the attention of researchers in this direction.

中文翻译:

使用甲醇进行可持续有机转化的最新进展:扩大借氢催化的范围

本综述重点介绍了从 2017 年到 2021 年 3 月使用甲醇作为 C1-烷基化剂取得的最新进展。已经开发了一系列使用甲醇的新型金属催化借氢工艺。最重要的是,详细讨论了非贵金属催化的甲醇活化和功能化,包括机理研究。涵盖了具有巨大潜力的用于概念性活化甲醇的有趣钳状配合物的设计。此外,还讨论了硝基芳烃或烷烃的甲基化和甲醇向高级醇的升级,包括使用分子定义的催化剂的 Guerbet 型转化和 β-烷基化。将涵盖最近报道的 C、N 和 O 甲基化,包括酮烷基化(α 或 β)、N-甲酰化、酰胺化和磺酰化,以及其他有趣的领域。涵盖了工业上重要的多相催化剂的激动人心的应用及其在甲醇活化中的应用。具有“-CH 3 ”基序和后期甲基化的各种重要药物的合成,包括结合药用“-CD 3 ”基序,是当前讨论的有趣补充。还将讨论使用甲醇的光催化和电催化转化。涵盖该主题领域的评论文章数量有限,限制了其理解;因此,我们认为这篇更新的综述文章有必要将研究人员的注意力集中在这个方向上。
更新日期:2021-11-14
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