Each year 573,000 bladder cancer diagnoses and 212,000 bladder cancer-related deaths occur worldwide [1]. In the United States, five-year survival for bladder cancer ranges from 69% for localized disease to 6% for metastatic disease [2]. Bladder cancer prognosis and response to treatment varies among patients. Currently, clinical decisions regarding treatment and follow up are driven primarily by grade and stage. Unfortunately, despite intensive research few somatic mutations have sufficient prognostic or predictive value such that they change clinical management.

中文翻译：

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两个独立队列中的膀胱癌风险变异以及总体和疾病特异性生存期

全世界每年有 573,000 例膀胱癌诊断和 212,000 例膀胱癌相关死亡 [1]。在美国，膀胱癌的五年生存率从局部疾病的 69% 到转移性疾病的 6% 不等 [2]。膀胱癌的预后和对治疗的反应因患者而异。目前，关于治疗和随访的临床决策主要由分级和分期决定。不幸的是，尽管进行了深入的研究，但很少有体细胞突变具有足够的预后或预测价值，以至于它们改变了临床管理。