ABSTRACT

The emergence of deepfakes is the latest form to prompt anxieties over the wider implications of misinformation. This chapter explores possibilities for how these technologies extend the repertoire of modalities available for documentary makers. While these ‘synthetic media’ offer a disruption of the documentary genre, they are also a continuation of long-standing trends within software culture and also clearly augment practices which are deeply embedded within the documentary genre. This discussion draws upon Wardle and Derakhshan’s ‘misinformation’ and ‘disinformation’ framework to highlight the increasing complexity of documentary’s forms and the challenges they pose to audiences. The limited experiments in integrating synthetic media into documentary media in a productive way suggest especially the possibilities for using these to develop more openly reflexive content. The proliferation of synthetic media forms prompt a wider need within documentary practitioners for critical data practices, software literacy, and ethical practices embedded within a broader understanding of automated, networked and entangled media systems. And they challenge documentary designers to strategise the nature of their content, and engage more directly with their audiences on questions around evidence, trust, authenticity and the nature of documentary media within an era of misinformation.

摘要

Deepfake 的出现是引发人们对错误信息的更广泛影响感到焦虑的最新形式。本章探讨了这些技术如何扩展纪录片制作者可用模式的可能性。虽然这些“合成媒体”颠覆了纪录片类型，但它们也是软件文化中长期趋势的延续，也明显增强了深深嵌入纪录片类型中的实践。本次讨论借鉴了 Wardle 和 Derakhshan 的“错误信息”和“虚假信息”框架，以强调纪录片形式日益复杂以及它们对观众构成的挑战。以富有成效的方式将合成媒体整合到纪录片媒体中的有限实验尤其表明了使用这些来开发更开放的反思性内容的可能性。合成媒体形式的激增促使纪录片从业者更广泛地需要关键数据实践、软件素养和伦理实践，这些实践嵌入到对自动化、网络化和纠缠媒体系统的更广泛理解中。他们挑战纪录片设计师制定内容的性质，并在错误信息时代更直接地与观众就证据、信任、真实性和纪录片媒体的性质等问题进行互动。软件素养和道德实践嵌入在对自动化、网络化和纠缠媒体系统的更广泛理解中。他们挑战纪录片设计师制定内容的性质，并在错误信息时代更直接地与观众就证据、信任、真实性和纪录片媒体的性质等问题进行互动。软件素养和道德实践嵌入在对自动化、网络化和纠缠媒体系统的更广泛理解中。他们挑战纪录片设计师制定内容的性质，并在错误信息时代更直接地与观众就证据、信任、真实性和纪录片媒体的性质等问题进行互动。