Nanomedicine, a promising addition to the spectrum of biomedicine, has viewed countless breakthroughs in the implementations of "site-specific" drug delivery. The promises of nanomedicines revolve around their unique physicochemical properties that permit the transport of therapeutics to the desired site of action, improve the pharmacokinetic endpoint, maximize the pharmacological influence of treatment, and overcome the limitation of remedies that otherwise would impede the therapeutic effectiveness. One of most insurmountable challenge possessed by conventional drug-delivery in getting therapeutics across the central-nervous-system is to conquer the harsh passage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many published studies revealed BBB to be a complex, dynamic interface that acclimatizes to the needs of the central nervous system (CNS). These physical and biochemical barriers pose a significant challenge to the effective management of brain-related disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases. This challenge is widely accepted and defeated with the advent of a new class of brain-targeted nanomedicines. This review is an effort to overview the key research trends in nanotechnology over the past decade concerning the BBB as a regulatory interface and factors affecting CNS drug delivery. The review further summarized the specific diversity of various nanomedicinal approaches, the critical and elementary structural component of their design, the surface engineering of vehicles carrying drug at the nanoscale, selected current clinical successes, and future prospects along with hidden perils.

中文翻译：

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进入大脑：我们是在敲门还是敲门？

纳米医学是生物医学领域的一个有希望的补充，在“特定部位”药物输送的实施中取得了无数突破。纳米药物的前景围绕着其独特的物理化学特性，允许将治疗剂运输到所需的作用部位，改善药代动力学终点，最大限度地提高治疗的药理影响，并克服否则会阻碍治疗效果的补救措施的限制。在通过中枢神经系统进行治疗时，传统药物递送所面临的最难以克服的挑战之一是克服血脑屏障 (BBB) 的严酷通道。许多已发表的研究表明，BBB 是一种复杂的、动态的界面，可以适应中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的需求。这些物理和生化障碍对有效管理大脑相关疾病（如神经退行性疾病）构成了重大挑战。随着一类新的脑靶向纳米药物的出现，这一挑战被广泛接受并被击败。本综述旨在概述过去十年纳米技术的主要研究趋势，其中涉及 BBB 作为监管界面和影响 CNS 药物输送的因素。该综述进一步总结了各种纳米药物方法的具体多样性、其设计的关键和基本结构成分、纳米级载药载体的表面工程、选定的当前临床成功以及未来前景以及隐藏的危险。