Plastic mulching (PM) is regarded as a promising way to increase crop production. However, its reported that plastic mulching may decrease soil organic carbon content and been unfavorable for sustainable agricultural production. Confirmation of the effects of plastic mulching on soil water and organic carbon balances in a long term, including finding efficient ways to improve these balances, is crucial for the sustainability of agricultural production in semiarid rain-fed areas. We conducted field experiment (2010–2019), with spring maize and wheat as tested crops, using four treatments of plastic mulching (PM), plastic mulching with supplementary irrigation (PMI), plastic mulching with organic fertilizer application (PMO) and without mulching (CK). The results of this 10-year field experiment showed that PM with supplementary irrigation and organic fertilizer application not only significantly increased yield and Water productivity (WP) of wheat and maize, but also had a positive effect on soil water budget. The soil water budget of PMI, PMO and PM significantly increased by 120.4%, 96.1% and 105.8% in wheat and by 149.7%, 28.2% and 53.6% in maize, compared with CK, respectively. The improved soil water condition resulted in a significant increment of yield, PMI, PMO and PM increased yield by 122.8%, 89.7% and 67.0% for wheat, by 237.8%, 183.0% and 148.4% for maize, respectively, compared with CK. The 10 years of continuous PM significantly decreased soil organic carbon content (SOC) in 0–10, 10–20, 30–50 and 50–70 cm profiles by 22.5%, 19.1%, 15.6% and 15.3% for wheat, but had no significant effect for maize. The PMO significantly increased soil organic carbon content in 0–30 cm profiles for both wheat and maize, but the soil organic carbon budgets were negative for all four treatments, the PMO accelerated soil organic carbon loss for maize but had little effect for wheat compared with PM and CK. However, PMI, PMO and PM significantly increases crop bio-carbon production, resulted in the positive total carbon budget and significantly increased by 25.0, 15.0, 11.5 Mg ha⁻¹ in wheat and 105.1, 74.1, 74.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in maize, respectively, as compared with CK. These results suggested that the soil organic carbon budget differed for the two crops, also affected by water or organic carbon supplementation. A more appropriate crop rotation system with organic fertilizer application should be developed, to increase crop production and soil quality under plastic mulched condition in such semiarid rain-fed areas.

塑料覆盖 (PM) 被认为是增加作物产量的一种有前途的方法。然而，据报道，塑料覆盖可能会降低土壤有机碳含量，不利于可持续农业生产。确认塑料覆盖对土壤水和有机碳平衡的长期影响，包括寻找改善这些平衡的有效方法，对于半干旱雨养地区农业生产的可持续性至关重要。我们进行了田间试验（2010-2019），以春玉米和小麦为试验作物，采用覆膜（PM）、覆膜补灌（PMI）、覆膜有机肥（PMO）和不覆膜四种处理方式(CK)。为期10年的田间试验结果表明，PM与补充灌溉和有机肥施用不仅显着提高了小麦和玉米的产量和水分生产率（WP），而且对土壤水分收支有积极影响。与CK相比，小麦PMI、PMO和PM的土壤水分收支分别显着增加了120.4%、96.1%和105.8%，玉米分别增加了149.7%、28.2%和53.6%。土壤水分条件改善导致产量显着增加，与CK相比，PMI、PMO和PM分别使小麦增产122.8%、89.7%和67.0%，玉米增产237.8%、183.0%和148.4%。连续 10 年的 PM 显着降低了 0-10、10-20、30-50 和 50-70 厘米剖面的土壤有机碳含量（SOC），小麦分别降低了 22.5%、19.1%、15.6% 和 15.3%，但对玉米没有显着影响。PMO 显着增加了小麦和玉米 0-30 cm 剖面的土壤有机碳含量，但所有四种处理的土壤有机碳收支均为负，PMO 加速了玉米的土壤有机碳流失，但与小麦相比，其影响不大。下午和CK。然而，PMI、PMO 和 PM 显着增加作物生物碳产量，导致总碳预算为正，显着增加了 25.0、15.0、11.5 Mg ha^-1小麦和105.1，74.1，74.0镁公顷^-1在玉米，分别作为与对照相比。这些结果表明，两种作物的土壤有机碳收支不同，也受水或有机碳补充的影响。在这种半干旱雨养地区，应发展更合适的轮作制度，有机肥施用，以提高地膜覆盖条件下的作物产量和土壤质量。