Local (cm) scale water loss distribution and evaporation in soil with flat and furrowed surfaces as a function of near-surface wind speed and wind direction was investigated. Four levels of average main wind speed (10 cm above furrow ridge summits, 0, 1, 3 and 5 m·s⁻¹), three main wind directions (compared to the direction of the furrows, 0°, 45° and 90°) and two levels of relative air humidity (70% and 86%) were considered. Experiments were conducted under controlled (wind tunnel) conditions, using 50 cm diameter and 15 cm height soil samples. For furrowed samples, 6 cm high ridges with 12 cm distance between ridge tops were used. Resulting wind speed profiles above ridge tops were relatively similar (for the same main wind speed), regardless of wind direction, but differed greatly in the valleys between ridges depending on especially wind direction. Strong indication of standing eddies on the lee side of furrow ridges for wind directions ≥45° was found. Local evaporative water loss spatial distribution in furrowed soil, was strongly dependent on wind direction, while local evaporation rates depended strongly on main wind speed and relative humidity level. Significantly higher evaporative water losses were observed at the wind-exposed ridge slopes (for wind directions ≥45°) compared to lee slopes.

中文翻译：

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与近地表风条件和地表几何形状相关的地表土壤局部尺度蒸发和水分流失分布

研究了具有平坦和开沟表面的土壤中局部 (cm) 尺度的水分流失分布和蒸发与近地表风速和风向的函数关系。四级平均主风速（沟脊顶以上10 cm，0、1、3和5 m·s ^-1)，考虑了三个主要风向（与犁沟的方向相比，0°、45° 和 90°）和两个相对空气湿度水平（70% 和 86%）。实验在受控（风洞）条件下进行，使用直径为 50 厘米、高度为 15 厘米的土壤样品。对于有沟纹的样品，使用了 6 厘米高的脊，脊顶部之间的距离为 12 厘米。无论风向如何，山脊顶部上方的最终风速剖面都相对相似（对于相同的主风速），但在山脊之间的山谷中差异很大，具体取决于风向。发现在风向≥45°的犁沟背风侧有强烈的立涡迹象。沟纹土壤局部蒸发水分流失空间分布，强烈依赖于风向，而当地蒸发率很大程度上取决于主要风速和相对湿度水平。与背风坡相比，在风暴露的山脊斜坡（风向≥45°）观察到蒸发水损失显着增加。