The Great Basin in the western United States hosts various hydrothermal systems, including both active geothermal systems and ancient systems preserved as mineral deposits. New magnetotelluric and structural geologic data were collected in the Gabbs Valley area of western Nevada to demonstrate the advantage of imaging the full crustal column below known hydrothermal systems. Three-dimensional models are developed and jointly interpreted where the key findings are bottom-up and top-down controls on hydrothermal systems. Bottom-up control is dictated by weaknesses in the brittle-ductile transition that allow hydrothermal fluids to propagate into the crust; these are often collocated with Miocene volcanic structures. Top-down control is dominated by modern Walker Lane and Basin and Range tectonics that control fluid transport through the middle and upper crust. This study demonstrates that the characterization of regional mineral and geothermal resources is better informed by imaging lower crustal structures and preferential pathways to the surface.

中文翻译：

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大盆地热液资源的自下而上和自上而下控制：以内华达州加布斯谷为例

美国西部的大盆地拥有各种热液系统，包括活跃的地热系统和保存为矿藏的古老系统。在内华达州西部的 Gabbs Valley 地区收集了新的大地电磁和构造地质数据，以证明在已知热液系统下方对完整地壳柱进行成像的优势。开发并联合解释了三维模型，其中主要发现是对热液系统的自下而上和自上而下的控制。自下而上的控制是由允许热液流体传播到地壳的脆-韧转变的弱点决定的；这些通常与中新世火山结构并置。自上而下的控制由现代沃克巷和盆地和山脉构造控制，这些构造控制流体通过中地壳和上地壳的输送。这项研究表明，通过对下地壳结构和通往地表的优先路径进行成像，可以更好地了解区域矿产和地热资源的特征。