There is a potential for a long-lasting psychological and social impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C19-ASS) has been developed, which measures individuals' coping mechanisms in relation to the fear or threat of COVID-19. The C19-ASS was developed and has been used so far only in Western samples. Further psychometric evaluation is needed in ethnically diverse samples. Therefore, the current study sought to test the psychometric properties in a large sample of Iranians (n = 1429; female = 52.1%; Mean age = 35.83, ±12.89) who completed a cross-sectional survey. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the Persian C19-ASS has a two-factor structure corresponding to the perseveration and avoidance subscales of the original scale. Confirmatory factor analyses also supported a two-factor solution, which showed a firm model fit and high internal consistencies. Furthermore, it showed excellent divergent validity from generalized anxiety, indicating that it is concerned explicitly with COVID-19, supported by correlational analyses and exploratory factor analysis. Test of incremental validity indicated the Persian C19-ASS explained more variance in functional impairment and COVID-19 anxiety than the gender, marital and educational status, generalized anxiety, neuroticism, openness, consciousness and having lost someone close due to COVID-19. Also, based on a mediation test, it was found that C19-ASS mediates the relationship between the Big Five personality traits (except openness and consciousness) and health anxiety, generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19 anxiety. Overall, the current findings provide further evidence for the construct of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome. The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome is discussed in light of the S-REF model that provides an explanatory framework for this pandemic-related construct.

中文翻译：

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波斯 COVID-19 焦虑症量表 (C-19ASS)：伊朗人一般社区样本中的心理测量特性

COVID-19 大流行有可能产生长期的心理和社会影响。最近，开发了 COVID-19 焦虑综合征量表 (C19-ASS)，用于衡量个人对 COVID-19 的恐惧或威胁的应对机制。C19-ASS 已开发出来，迄今为止仅用于西方样品。需要对不同种族的样本进行进一步的心理测量评估。因此，目前的研究试图在大量伊朗人（n = 1429; 女性 = 52.1%；完成横断面调查的平均年龄 = 35.83，±12.89）。探索性因子分析表明，波斯 C19-ASS 具有与原始量表的坚持和回避分量表相对应的双因子结构。验证性因素分析还支持双因素解决方案，该解决方案显示出牢固的模型拟合和高内部一致性。此外，它与广泛性焦虑表现出极好的不同效度，表明它与 COVID-19 明确相关，并得到相关分析和探索性因素分析的支持。增量有效性测试表明，波斯 C19-ASS 比性别、婚姻和教育状况、广泛性焦虑、神经质、开放性、由于 COVID-19 而失去知觉并失去了亲近的人。此外，基于中介测试，发现 C19-ASS 调节了大五人格特质（开放性和意识除外）与健康焦虑、广泛性焦虑、抑郁和 COVID-19 焦虑之间的关系。总体而言，目前的研究结果为 COVID-19 焦虑综合征的构建提供了进一步的证据。根据 S-REF 模型讨论了 COVID-19 焦虑综合征，该模型为这种与流行病相关的结构提供了解释性框架。目前的研究结果为 COVID-19 焦虑综合征的构建提供了进一步的证据。根据 S-REF 模型讨论了 COVID-19 焦虑综合征，该模型为这种与流行病相关的结构提供了解释性框架。目前的研究结果为 COVID-19 焦虑综合征的构建提供了进一步的证据。根据 S-REF 模型讨论了 COVID-19 焦虑综合征，该模型为这种与流行病相关的结构提供了解释性框架。