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Hepatitis B Vaccination Impact and the Unmet Need for Antiviral Treatment in Blantyre, Malawi
The Journal of Infectious Diseases ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-08 , DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab562
Alexander J Stockdale 1, 2 , James E Meiring 1, 3 , Isaac T Shawa 1, 4 , Deus Thindwa 1, 5 , Niza M Silungwe 1 , Maurice Mbewe 1 , Rabson Kachala 6 , Benno Kreuels 7, 8, 9 , Pratiksha Patel 1 , Priyanka Patel 1 , Marc Y R Henrion 1, 10 , Naor Bar-Zeev 11 , Todd D Swarthout 1, 12 , Robert S Heyderman 12 , Stephen B Gordon 1, 10 , Anna Maria Geretti 13 , Melita A Gordon 1, 2
Affiliation  

Background Hepatitis B is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce mortality, antiviral treatment programs are needed. We estimated prevalence, vaccine impact, and need for antiviral treatment in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods We conducted a household study in 2016–2018. We selected individuals from a census using random sampling and estimated age-sex-standardized hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence. Impact of infant hepatitis B vaccination was estimated by binomial log-linear regression comparing individuals born before and after vaccine implementation. In HBsAg-positive adults, eligibility for antiviral therapy was assessed. Results Of 97386 censused individuals, 6073 (median age 18 years; 56.7% female) were sampled. HBsAg seroprevalence was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3%–6.1%) among adults and 0.3% (95% CI, .1%–.6%) among children born after vaccine introduction. Estimated vaccine impact was 95.8% (95% CI, 70.3%–99.4%). Of HBsAg-positive adults, 26% were HIV-positive. Among HIV-negative individuals, 3%, 6%, and 9% were eligible for hepatitis B treatment by WHO, European, and American hepatology association criteria, respectively. Conclusions Infant HBV vaccination has been highly effective in reducing HBsAg prevalence in urban Malawi. Up to 9% of HBsAg-positive HIV-negative adults are eligible, but have an unmet need, for antiviral therapy.

中文翻译:

乙型肝炎疫苗接种的影响和马拉维布兰太尔抗病毒治疗的未满足需求

背景 乙型肝炎是撒哈拉以南非洲地区肝硬化和肝癌的主要原因。为了降低死亡率,需要抗病毒治疗方案。我们估计了马拉维布兰太尔的流行率、疫苗影响和抗病毒治疗需求。方法 我们在 2016-2018 年进行了一项家庭研究。我们使用随机抽样和估计年龄-性别标准化乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 血清阳性率从人口普查中选择个体。通过比较接种疫苗前后出生的个体的二项式对数线性回归估计婴儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种的影响。在 HBsAg 阳性成人中,评估了抗病毒治疗的资格。结果 在 97386 名人口普查个体中,抽样了 6073 人(中位年龄 18 岁;56.7% 为女性)。HBsAg 血清阳性率为 5.1%(95% 置信区间 [CI],4.3%–6。1%) 和 0.3% (95% CI, .1%–.6%) 接种疫苗后出生的儿童。估计的疫苗影响为 95.8%(95% CI,70.3%–99.4%)。在 HBsAg 阳性成人中,26% 为 HIV 阳性。在 HIV 阴性个体中,分别有 3%、6% 和 9% 符合 WHO、欧洲和美国肝病协会标准的乙型肝炎治疗条件。结论 婴儿 HBV 疫苗接种在降低马拉维城市 HBsAg 流行方面非常有效。高达 9% 的 HBsAg 阳性 HIV 阴性成人有资格接受抗病毒治疗,但需求未得到满足。分别是欧洲和美国肝病协会标准。结论 婴儿 HBV 疫苗接种在降低马拉维城市 HBsAg 流行方面非常有效。高达 9% 的 HBsAg 阳性 HIV 阴性成人有资格接受抗病毒治疗,但需求未得到满足。分别是欧洲和美国肝病协会标准。结论 婴儿 HBV 疫苗接种在降低马拉维城市 HBsAg 流行方面非常有效。高达 9% 的 HBsAg 阳性 HIV 阴性成人有资格接受抗病毒治疗,但需求未得到满足。
更新日期:2021-11-08
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