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Compatibility of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training for Skeletal Muscle Size and Function: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01587-7
Moritz Schumann 1 , Joshua F Feuerbacher 1 , Marvin Sünkeler 1 , Nils Freitag 1, 2 , Bent R Rønnestad 3 , Kenji Doma 4 , Tommy R Lundberg 5, 6
Affiliation  

Background

Both athletes and recreational exercisers often perform relatively high volumes of aerobic and strength training simultaneously. However, the compatibility of these two distinct training modes remains unclear.

Objective

This systematic review assessed the compatibility of concurrent aerobic and strength training compared with strength training alone, in terms of adaptations in muscle function (maximal and explosive strength) and muscle mass. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the influence of training modality, training type, exercise order, training frequency, age, and training status.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus were systematically searched (12 August 2020, updated on 15 March 2021). Eligibility criteria were as follows. Population: healthy adults of any sex and age; Intervention: supervised concurrent aerobic and strength training for at least 4 weeks; Comparison: identical strength training prescription, with no aerobic training; Outcome: maximal strength, explosive strength, and muscle hypertrophy.

Results

A total of 43 studies were included. The estimated standardised mean differences (SMD) based on the random-effects model were − 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.20 to 0.09; p = 0.446), − 0.28 (95% CI − 0.48 to − 0.08; p = 0.007), and − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.16 to 0.18; p = 0.919) for maximal strength, explosive strength, and muscle hypertrophy, respectively. Attenuation of explosive strength was more pronounced when concurrent training was performed within the same session (p = 0.043) than when sessions were separated by at least 3 h (p > 0.05). No significant effects were found for the other moderators, i.e. type of aerobic training (cycling vs. running), frequency of concurrent training (> 5 vs. < 5 weekly sessions), training status (untrained vs. active), and mean age (< 40 vs. > 40 years).

Conclusion

Concurrent aerobic and strength training does not compromise muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength development. However, explosive strength gains may be attenuated, especially when aerobic and strength training are performed in the same session. These results appeared to be independent of the type of aerobic training, frequency of concurrent training, training status, and age.

PROSPERO: CRD42020203777.



中文翻译:

有氧运动和力量训练对骨骼肌大小和功能的兼容性:更新的系统评价和荟萃分析

背景

运动员和休闲锻炼者经常同时进行相对大量的有氧和力量训练。然而,这两种不同训练模式的兼容性仍不清楚。

客观的

这篇系统评价评估了同时进行有氧和力量训练与单独力量训练相比在肌肉功能(最大力量和爆发力)和肌肉质量方面的适应性。进行亚组分析以检查训练方式、训练类型、训练顺序、训练频率、年龄和训练状态的影响。

方法

根据 PRISMA(系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南进行了系统的文献检索。系统检索了 PubMed/MEDLINE、ISI Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、SPORTDiscus 和 Scopus(2020 年 8 月 12 日,2021 年 3 月 15 日更新)。资格标准如下。人群:任何性别和年龄的健康成年人;干预:在监督下同时进行至少 4 周的有氧和力量训练;比较:同样的力量训练处方,没有进行有氧训练;结果:最大力量、爆发力和肌肉肥大。

结果

共纳入 43 项研究。基于随机效应模型的估计标准化均值差 (SMD) 为 − 0.06(95% 置信区间 [CI] − 0.20 至 0.09;p = 0.446),− 0.28(95% CI − 0.48 至 − 0.08  ;p  = 0.007) 和 − 0.01(95% CI − 0.16 至 0.18;p  = 0.919)分别表示最大力量、爆发力和肌肉肥大。在同一节课中同时进行训练 ( p  = 0.043) 时,爆发力的衰减比分开至少 3 小时时更明显 ( p > 0.05)。其他调节因素未发现显着影响,即有氧训练类型(骑自行车与跑步)、同时训练的频率(> 5 与 < 5 周)、训练状态(未训练与活跃)和平均年龄 ( < 40 与 > 40 岁)。

结论

同时进行有氧和力量训练不会影响肌肉肥大和最大力量发展。然而,爆发力的增长可能会减弱,尤其是当有氧训练和力量训练同时进行时。这些结果似乎与有氧训练的类型、同时训练的频率、训练状态和年龄无关。

普罗斯佩罗:CRD42020203777。

更新日期:2021-11-10
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