Three penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placements were tested on cadaver heads from swine with estimated body weight (BW) >200 kg (sows = 232.9 ± 4.1 kg; boars = 229.3 ± 2.6 kg). The objectives were to determine tissue depth, cross-sectional brain area, visible brain damage (BD), regions of BD, and bolt–brain contact; and determine relationships between external head dimensions and tissue depth at each placement. A Jarvis PAS-Type P 0.25R PCB with a Long Stunning Rod Nosepiece Assembly and 3.5 g power loads was used at the following placements on heads from 111 sows and 46 boars after storage at 2 to 4 °C for ~62 h before treatment: FRONTAL (F)—3.5 cm superior to the optic orbits at midline, TEMPORAL (T)—at the depression posterior to the lateral canthus of the eye within the plane between the lateral canthus and the base of the ear, or BEHIND EAR (BE)—directly caudal to the pinna of the ear on the same plane as the eyes and targeting the middle of the opposite eye. For sows, the bolt path was in the plane of the brain for 42/42 (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.6% to 100.0%) F heads, 39/40 (97.5%, 95% CI: 86.8% to 99.9%) T heads, and 34/39 (87.5%, 95% CI: 72.6% to 95.7%) BE heads; for the heads that could reliably be assessed for BD damage was detected in 25/26 (96.2%, 95% CI: 80.4% to 99.9%) F heads, 24/35 (68.6%, 95% CI: 50.7% to 83.2%) T heads, and 5/40 (12.5%, 95% CI: 4.2% to 26.8%) BE heads. For boars, the bolt path was in the plane of the brain for 17/17 (100.0%, 95% CI: 80.5% to 100.0%) F heads, 18/18 (100.0%, 95% CI: 81.5% to 100.0%) T heads, and 14/14 (100.0%, 95% CI: 76.8% to 100.0%) BE heads; damage was detected in 11/12 (91.7%, 95% CI: 61.5% to 99.8%) F heads, 2/15 (13.3%, 95% CI: 1.7% to 40.5%) T heads, and 7/14 (50.0%, 95% CI: 23.0% to 77.0%) BE heads. Tissue depth was reported as mean ± standard error followed by 95% one-sided upper reference limit (URL). For sows, total tissue thickness was different (P < 0.05) between placements (F: 52.7 ± 1.0 mm, URL: 64.1 mm; T: 69.8 ± 1.4 mm, URL: 83.9 mm; BE: 89.3 ± 1.5 mm, URL: 103.4 mm). In boars, total tissue thickness was different (P < 0.05) between placements (F: 41.2 ± 2.1 mm, URL: 56.3 mm; T: 73.2 ± 1.5 mm, URL: 83.4 mm; BE: 90.9 ± 3.5 mm, URL: 113.5 mm). For swine > 200 kg BW, F placement may be more effective than T or BE due to less soft tissue thickness, which may reduce concussive force. The brain was within the plane of bolt travel for 100% of F heads with BD for 96.2% and 91.7% of F sow and boar heads, respectively.

中文翻译：

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体重 > 200 kg 的成年猪 (Sus scrofa domesticus) 尸体头部组织尺寸和三个固定螺栓位置的关系

在估计体重 (BW) > 200 kg（母猪 = 232.9 ± 4.1 kg；公猪 = 229.3 ± 2.6 kg）的猪的尸体头上测试了三个穿透式固定螺栓 (PCB) 放置。目标是确定组织深度、横截面脑区、可见脑损伤 (BD)、BD 区域和螺栓-脑接触；并确定每次放置时外部头部尺寸和组织深度之间的关系。111 头母猪和 46 头公猪在处理前在 2 至 4 °C 下储存约 62 小时后，将 Jarvis PAS-Type P 0.25R PCB 与长击晕棒鼻头组件和 3.5 g 功率负载的头部放置在以下位置： FRONTAL (F)—在中线处高于视眶 3.5 cm，TEMPORAL (T)—在外眦和耳根之间的平面内眼外眦后面的凹陷处，或 BEHIND EAR (BE) — 直接位于与眼睛相同平面上的耳廓尾侧，并瞄准对侧眼睛的中部。对于母猪，螺栓路径在大脑平面内持续 42/42（100%，95% 置信区间 [CI]：91.6% 至 100.0%）F 头，39/40（97.5%，95% CI：86.8 % 至 99.9%) T 头和 34/39 (87.5%, 95% CI: 72.6% 至 95.7%) BE 头；在 25/26 (96.2%, 95% CI: 80.4% to 99.9%) F 头, 24/35 (68.6%, 95% CI: 50.7% to 83.2%) ) T 头和 5/40 (12.5%, 95% CI: 4.2% to 26.8%) BE 头。对于公猪，螺栓路径在 17/17（100.0%，95% CI：80.5% 至 100.0%）F 头，18/18（100.0%，95% CI：81.5% 至 100.0%）的脑平面内) T 头和 14/14 (100.0%, 95% CI: 76.8% to 100.0%) BE 头；11/12 检测到损坏（91.7%，95% CI：61.5% 至 99. 8%) F 头，2/15 (13.3%, 95% CI: 1.7% 到 40.5%) T 头和 7/14 (50.0%, 95% CI: 23.0% 到 77.0%) BE 头。组织深度报告为平均值±标准误差，然后是 95% 单边参考上限 (URL)。对于母猪，不同位置的总组织厚度不同 (P < 0.05) (F: 52.7 ± 1.0 mm, URL: 64.1 mm; T: 69.8 ± 1.4 mm, URL: 83.9 mm; BE: 89.3 ± 1.5 mm, URL: 103.4 毫米）。在公猪中，不同位置的总组织厚度不同 (P < 0.05) (F: 41.2 ± 2.1 mm, URL: 56.3 mm; T: 73.2 ± 1.5 mm, URL: 83.4 mm; BE: 90.9 ± 3.5 mm, URL: 113.5 毫米）。对于猪 > 200 kg BW，F 放置可能比 T 或 BE 更有效，因为软组织厚度较小，这可能会减少震荡力。对于 100% 的 F 头，大脑位于螺栓行进平面内，BD 分别为 96.2% 和 91.7% 的 F 母猪和公猪头，