Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent epidermal cancerous neoplasm. Previous studies have reported the noninvasive, cost-effective, and localized photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach to BCC treatment. This study investigated the photodynamic effects of aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone photosensitizer (PS), on proliferation and apoptosis of BCC TE 354.T cell line. To evaluate the effects of AE-mediated PDT, we used various concentrations of AE (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM) and white light energy (0, 12, 24, and 36 J/cm²). CCK-8 assay was used to analyse cell viability following AE-mediated PDT. The cell death rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of AE-mediated PDT on the apoptotic proteins, Akt, and MAPK pathways. AE-mediated PDT inhibited tumorigenic cell proliferation, consequently enhancing apoptosis in AE and PDT concentration and dose-dependent manner, respectively. Significantly increased TE 354.T cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS production were both observed after AE-mediated PDT. Following the AE-mediated PDT, cytochrome and antitumor p53 were elevated; however expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. Significant caspase 3 elevation post-AE-mediated PDT suggested intrinsically driven apoptosis. Additionally, AE-mediated PDT significantly suppressed NF-κB, Akt, and ERK pathways while JNK expression was significantly increased. AE-mediated PDT induced TE 354.T cell apoptosis through the intracellular generation of ROS. Akt, ERK, and JNK all play various roles in ensuring successful TE 354.T tumor cell apoptosis.

中文翻译：

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芦荟大黄素介导的光动力疗法通过激活 ERK/JNK 信号通路诱导基底细胞癌细胞凋亡

基底细胞癌 (BCC) 是最常见的表皮癌性肿瘤。先前的研究报告了 BCC 治疗的非侵入性、成本效益和局部光动力疗法 (PDT) 方法。本研究调查了芦荟大黄素 (AE)，一种天然蒽醌光敏剂 (PS)，对 BCC TE 354.T 细胞系增殖和凋亡的光动力学影响。为了评估 AE 介导的 PDT 的效果，我们使用了各种浓度的 AE（0、2.5、5 和 10  μ M）和白光能量（0、12、24 和 36 J/cm ²）。CCK-8 测定用于分析 AE 介导的 PDT 后的细胞活力。通过流式细胞术评估细胞死亡率和活性氧（ROS）。蛋白质印迹用于确定 AE 介导的 PDT 对凋亡蛋白、Akt 和 MAPK 通路的影响。AE 介导的 PDT 抑制致瘤细胞增殖，从而分别以 AE 和 PDT 浓度和剂量依赖性方式增强细胞凋亡。在 AE 介导的 PDT 后观察到 TE 354.T 细胞凋亡和细胞内 ROS 产生显着增加。AE 介导的 PDT 后，细胞色素和抗肿瘤 p53 升高；然而 Bcl-2 的表达显着降低。AE 介导的 PDT 后显着的半胱天冬酶 3 升高表明内在驱动的细胞凋亡。此外，AE 介导的 PDT 显着抑制了 NF-κ B、Akt 和 ERK 通路，而 JNK 表达显着增加。AE 介导的 PDT 通过细胞内 ROS 的产生诱导 TE 354.T 细胞凋亡。Akt、ERK 和 JNK 在确保 TE 354.T 肿瘤细胞成功凋亡方面都发挥着各种作用。