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Analysis of Canada’s water use: tracing water flow from source to end use
Canadian Water Resources Journal ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-09 , DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1994884
Nikhil Agrawal 1 , Thomas Patrick 1 , Matthew Davis 1 , Md Ahiduzzaman 2 , Amit Kumar 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

Freshwater is a critical natural resource and fundamental to social and environmental activities, including industrial activities, food production, and residential needs. Hence, it is important to understand provincial water supply and demand. However, there are large gaps in provincial and sectoral water use data. This study provides estimates for disaggregated water use by regional subsectors and uses Sankey diagrams to depict the water flow from intake to consumption and discharge. The study uses a bottom-up method in the oil and gas and hydropower sectors and top-down methods in the residential, commercial and institutional, manufacturing, mining, agricultural, and power sectors. Surface and ground water are considered separately. Water use in the year 2017 was analyzed for British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, the Atlantic Provinces, and the Territories. Water-use intensities were also calculated by region and sector. A total of 40 billion m3 of water use is traced from source to either discharge or consumption. New disaggregated data is developed provincially and by sector for oil and gas, mining, and power generation. Water use in the oil and gas sector was disaggregated into 5 subsectors, with oil sands surface mining in Alberta as the largest consumer with 138 million m3 of water consumed. Hydro power was estimated to consume the most water out of all sectors, with 3393 million m3 of water consumed. Alberta was also found to have the largest consumptive water use per capita. The results provide important insights on water supply and demand in Canada. Such information supports both regional and federal governments in formulating appropriate regional and sectoral policies and can support water managers and the public in understanding water supply and demand in Canada. Modelling efforts requiring regional and sectoral water use can also use these results.

Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/.



中文翻译:

加拿大用水分析:从源头到最终用水的水流追踪

摘要

淡水是一种重要的自然资源,是社会和环境活动的基础,包括工业活动、食品生产和住宅需求。因此,了解省级供水和需求很重要。然而,省级和部门用水数据存在很大差距。本研究提供了按区域分部门分类的用水量估计值,并使用桑基图来描述从取水到消耗和排放的水流。该研究在石油、天然气和水电部门使用自下而上的方法,在住宅、商业和机构、制造、采矿、农业和电力部门使用自上而下的方法。地表水和地下水是分开考虑的。分析了不列颠哥伦比亚省、阿尔伯塔省、萨斯喀彻温省、马尼托巴省、安大略省、魁北克省 2017 年的用水量,大西洋省份和领土。用水强度也按地区和部门计算。总计400亿平方米3的用水从源头追溯到排放或消耗。新的分类数据是按省级和按部门开发的,用于石油和天然气、采矿和发电。石油和天然气行业的用水量分为 5 个子行业,其中阿尔伯塔省的油砂露天开采是最大的用水户,用水量为 1.38 亿立方米。据估计,水力发电在所有行业中消耗的水最多,为 33.93 亿立方米消耗的水。阿尔伯塔省的人均用水量也最高。结果为加拿大的供水和需求提供了重要的见解。这些信息支持地区和联邦政府制定适当的地区和部门政策,并可以支持水资源管理者和公众了解加拿大的供水和需求。需要区域和部门用水的建模工作也可以使用这些结果。

本文的补充数据可在 http://dx.doi.org/ 在线获取。

更新日期:2021-11-09
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