Fish are target organisms that are extremely susceptible to fluoride pollution, and an increase in fluoride load will damage multiple systems of fish. Selenomethionine (Se-Met) at low levels has been reported to alleviate oxidative damage and inflammation caused by toxic substances, but whether it can alleviate fluoride-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryos has not been elucidated. In this study, the intervention effects of Se-Met on developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in zebrafish embryos exposed to fluoride were determined. Our results showed that fluoride accumulated in larvae and induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, caused oxidative damage and apoptosis, increased significantly the MPO and LZM activities and the levels of the inflammation-related genes IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β. Moreover, fluoride significantly increased the levels of ERK2, JNK, p38 and p65 in MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. Se-Met-treatment alleviated the adverse effects induced by fluoride, and all of the above indicators induced by fluoride returned to near control levels with increasing concentrations and time. However, treatment with Se-Met-alone also markedly increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, ERK2 and JNK. In short, these data demonstrated that Se-Met-could alleviate fluoride-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryos by restoring oxidative balance and rebuilding inflammation homeostasis, although low levels of Se-Met-alone had certain toxic effects on zebrafish embryos. Taken together, Se-Met-plays an important role in preventing toxic damage induced by fluoride in zebrafish embryos, although it has certain toxic effects.

鱼类是极易受到氟化物污染的目标生物，氟化物负荷的增加会损害鱼类的多个系统。据报道，低水平的硒代蛋氨酸 (Se-Met) 可以减轻有毒物质引起的氧化损伤和炎症，但它是否可以减轻斑马鱼胚胎中氟化物引起的毒性尚未阐明。在这项研究中，确定了硒对暴露于氟化物的斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性、氧化应激和炎症的干预作用。我们的研究结果表明，氟化物在斑马鱼幼体中积累并诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性，引起氧化损伤和细胞凋亡，显着增加 MPO 和 LZM 活性以及炎症相关基因IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、 IL-10和TGF-β。此外，氟化物显着增加了MAPK 和 NF-κB 通路中ERK2、JNK、p38和p65的水平。Se-Met处理减轻了氟化物引起的不良反应，并且随着浓度和时间的增加，氟化物引起的上述所有指标都恢复到接近控制水平。然而，单独使用 Se-Met 治疗也显着增加了IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10、TGF-β、ERK2和JNK的水平. 简而言之，这些数据表明，Se-Met 可以通过恢复氧化平衡和重建炎症稳态来减轻氟化物引起的斑马鱼胚胎毒性，尽管低水平的 Se-Met 单独对斑马鱼胚胎有一定的毒性作用。综上所述，Se-Met-在预防斑马鱼胚胎中氟化物引起的毒性损伤方面发挥着重要作用，尽管它具有一定的毒性作用。