The occurrence and development of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is made of various immune cells, activated fibroblasts, basement membrane, capillaries, and extracellular matrix. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and microbes are important components in TME. Tumor cells can recruit and educate TAMs and microbes, and the hijacked TAMs and microbes can promote the progression of tumor reciprocally. Tumor vaccine delivery remodeling TME by targeting TAM and microbes can not only enhance the specificity and immunogenicity of antigens, but also contribute to the regulation of TME. Tumor vaccine design benefits from nanotechnology which is a suitable platform for antigen and adjuvant delivery to catalyze new candidate vaccines applying to clinical therapy at unparalleled speed. In view of the characteristics and mechanisms of TME development, vaccine delivery targeting and breaking the malignant interactions among tumor cells, TAMs, and microbes may serve as a novel strategy for tumor therapy.

肿瘤的发生和发展取决于肿瘤微环境（TME），肿瘤微环境由各种免疫细胞、活化的成纤维细胞、基底膜、毛细血管和细胞外基质组成。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (TAM) 和微生物是 TME 中的重要组成部分。肿瘤细胞可以招募和教育TAMs和微生物，被劫持的TAMs和微生物可以相互促进肿瘤的进展。通过靶向TAM和微生物的肿瘤疫苗递送重塑TME不仅可以增强抗原的特异性和免疫原性，而且有助于TME的调控。肿瘤疫苗设计受益于纳米技术，纳米技术是抗原和佐剂递送的合适平台，可催化新的候选疫苗以无与伦比的速度应用于临床治疗。