The State-centric bias in proportionality in international humanitarian law, where non-State armed groups (NSAGs) are expected to adhere to the same rigour of proportionality as States, regardless of how unrealistic that expectation is, has not often been considered in ideas to improve compliance with proportionality. This article puts forth three proposals – a Comprehensive Proportionality Assessment Framework, capacity-building for military actors, and rapid multidisciplinary assessment teams – that aim to reduce State-centric bias and strengthen proportionality compliance not just for States but for all parties to conflict, including NSAGs.

中文翻译：

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相称的钟声为谁敲响：加强相称合规的三项建议

国际人道法中以国家为中心的相称性偏见，即非国家武装团体 (NSAG) 应遵守与国家同样严格的相称性原则，无论这种期望多么不切实际，但在考虑提高对比例的遵守。本文提出了三项建议——全面的相称性评估框架、军事行为者的能力建设和快速的多学科评估团队——旨在减少以国家为中心的偏见并加强相称性合规性，不仅适用于国家，而且适用于冲突各方，包括非甾体抗炎药。