Gibson formulated an approach to goal-directed behavior using prospective information in the context of visually guided locomotion and manual behavior. The former was Gibson's paradigm case, but it is the rapidity of targeted reaching that has provided the special challenge for stable control. Recent treatments of visually guided reaching assume that internal forward models are required to generate stable behavior given delays caused by neural transmission times. Internal models are representations of the sort eschewed by Gibson in favor of prospective information. Reaching is usually described as guided using relative distances of hand and target, but prospective information is usually temporal rather than spatial. We describe proportional rate control models that incorporate time dimensioned prospective information and show they remain stable in the face of delays. The use of time-dimensioned prospective information removes the need for internal models for stable behavior despite neural transmission delays and allows Gibson's approach to prevail.

吉布森在视觉引导运动和手动行为的背景下使用前瞻性信息制定了一种目标导向行为的方法。前者是吉布森的范例案例，但正是目标达到的速度给稳定控制带来了特殊的挑战。最近视觉引导到达的治疗假设，考虑到神经传输时间引起的延迟，需要内部前向模型来生成稳定的行为。内部模型是吉布森为了支持前瞻性信息而回避的那种表示。到达通常被描述为使用手和目标的相对距离进行引导，但预期信息通常是时间的而不是空间的。我们描述了比例速率控制模型，该模型结合了时间维度的预期信息，并表明它们在面对延迟时保持稳定。尽管存在神经传输延迟，但使用时间维度的前瞻性信息消除了对稳定行为的内部模型的需求，并使吉布森的方法得以盛行。