Biodiversity is rapidly declining worldwide, with agricultural intensification being among the main drivers of this process. Effective conservation measures in agricultural landscapes are therefore urgently needed. Here we introduce a novel low-cost conservation measure called artificial field defects, i.e., areas where crop is not sown and spontaneous vegetation grows. To evaluate their biodiversity potential, we compared abundance and species richness of various arthropod taxa between artificially created field defects and control plots within oilseed rape (OSR) fields. The effectiveness of field defects to support biodiversity was examined using an experiment with a factorial design comparing OSR flowering and ripening phases, location of field defects (field edge vs interior) and field defect type (sown with a nectar-rich plant vs no sowing). Arthropod sampling was conducted by employing several complementary methods: pitfall trapping, pan trapping, sweep netting and individual counting. Butterflies, true bugs, bees and wasps were more abundant and species-rich in both types of defects than in OSR controls. In contrast, ground-dwelling taxa had more individuals and species in controls. Overall, arthropod abundance and species richness increased, and field defects became relatively more attractive, during OSR ripening compared to OSR flowering. Location of defects had little effect, with only butterfly and spider assemblages being more abundant and species-rich at field edges compared to interiors. Our data indicate that artificial field defects can provide a simple agri-environmental measure to support various arthropod groups. However, further studies are needed to assess their biodiversity value at the landscape scale, and evaluate the balance between costs and benefits for farmers.

世界范围内的生物多样性正在迅速下降，农业集约化是这一进程的主要驱动力之一。因此，迫切需要在农业景观中采取有效的保护措施。在这里，我们介绍了一种称为人工田间缺陷的新型低成本保护措施，即未播种作物而自发植被生长的区域。为了评估它们的生物多样性潜力，我们比较了油菜 (OSR) 田内人工创造的田间缺陷和对照地块之间各种节肢动物分类群的丰度和物种丰富度。通过比较 OSR 开花和成熟阶段、田间缺陷位置（田间边缘与内部）和田间缺陷类型（播种富含花蜜的植物与不播种）的因子设计实验，检验田间缺陷对支持生物多样性的有效性. 节肢动物采样是通过采用几种互补的方法进行的：陷阱诱捕、泛诱捕、扫网和个体计数。与 OSR 对照相比，蝴蝶、真正的虫子、蜜蜂和黄蜂在这两种缺陷类型中的数量和种类都更多。相比之下，地栖类群有更多的个体和物种受到控制。总体而言，与 OSR 开花相比，OSR 成熟期间节肢动物丰度和物种丰富度增加，田间缺陷变得相对更具吸引力。缺陷的位置几乎没有影响，与内部相比，只有蝴蝶和蜘蛛组合在田野边缘更丰富，物种更丰富。我们的数据表明，人工田间缺陷可以提供一种简单的农业环境措施来支持各种节肢动物群。然而，