Gene therapy has great potential to treat brain diseases. However, genetic drugs need to overcome a cascade of barriers for their full potential. The conventional delivery systems often struggle to meet expectations. Natural biological particles that are highly optimized for specific functions in body, can inspire optimization of dynamic gene-loaded nanoassemblies (DGN). The DGN refer to gene loaded nanoassemblies whose functions and structures are changeable in response to the biological microenvironments or can dynamically interact with tissues or cells. The nature-inspired DGN can meet the needs in brain diseases treatment, including i) Non-elimination in blood (N), ii) Across the blood–brain barrier (A), iii) Targeting cells (T), iv) Efficient uptake (U), v) Controllable release (R), vi) Eyeable (E)-abbreviated as the “NATURE”. In this Review, from nature to “NATURE”, we mainly summarize the specific application of nature-inspired DGN in the “NATURE” cascade process. Furthermore, the Review provides an outlook for this field.

基因疗法在治疗脑部疾病方面具有巨大潜力。然而，基因药物需要克服一连串的障碍才能充分发挥其潜力。传统的交付系统通常难以满足期望。针对体内特定功能进行了高度优化的天然生物颗粒可以激发动态基因负载纳米组件 (DGN) 的优化。DGN 是指基因加载的纳米组装体，其功能和结构可以响应生物微环境而变化，或者可以与组织或细胞动态相互作用。受自然启发的 DGN 可以满足脑疾病治疗的需要，包括 i)血液中的N消除 (N), ii) A穿过血脑屏障 (A), iii)靶向细胞 ( T ), iv ） 高效的u ptake (U), v) Controllable r elease (R), vi) E yeable (E)——缩写为“NATURE”。在本次回顾中，从自然到“NATURE”，我们主要总结了 Nature-inspired DGN 在“NATURE”级联过程中的具体应用。此外，该评论提供了该领域的前景。