Renewable organic batteries represent a valuable option to store sustainably generated energy and can play a major role in phasing out current carbon-based energy production. Several approaches have emerged over the last 80 years that utilize organic redox materials as active components in batteries. In particular, polymers have gained considerable interest among numerous research groups due to their (1) fast redox chemistry, in comparison to conventional active materials, (2) straight-forward syntheses, and (3) tunable solubility, which represent favored properties for diverse electronic devices. Notably, the beginning of redox-active polymers is linked to the discovery of conductive polymers by Heeger, MacDiarmid and Shirakawa in 1977. Nevertheless, redox-active polymers were studied in 1944 making them a familiar class under the broader polymeric framework, which celebrate its 100th birthday in 2020, based on the pioneering publication by Staudinger in 1920. Since their beginning, redox-active polymers have evolved from an interesting phenomenon into a family of promising, tailor-made, battery materials that also made their way to commercialization. In this regard, this review focusses on the design of interesting polymeric, redox-active materials. Polymerization techniques are discussed regarding novel polymer architectures and utilitarian properties. The polymer architectures are subsequently analyzed within the application scenarios of solid-state batteries, pseudo-capacitors, and redox-flow batteries. Redox moieties are compared and an overview of diverse synthetic aspects as well as battery concepts for the optimal assembly of polymeric battery materials are given.

可再生有机电池代表了存储可持续产生的能量的一种有价值的选择，并且可以在逐步淘汰当前的碳基能源生产方面发挥重要作用。在过去的 80 年中，出现了几种利用有机氧化还原材料作为电池活性成分的方法。特别是，聚合物由于 (1) 与传统活性材料相比具有快速氧化还原化学、(2) 直接合成和 (3) 可调节溶解度而引起了众多研究小组的极大兴趣电子设备。值得注意的是，氧化还原活性聚合物的出现与 1977 年 Heeger、MacDiarmid 和 Shirakawa 发现导电聚合物有关。1944 年对氧化还原活性聚合物进行了研究，使它们成为更广泛的聚合物框架下的一个熟悉的类别，根据 Staudinger 于 1920 年的开创性出版物，该框架在 2020 年庆祝其 100 岁生日。从一开始，氧化还原活性聚合物就从一个有趣的现象成为一系列有前途的、量身定制的电池材料，这些材料也已走向商业化。在这方面，本综述重点关注有趣的聚合、氧化还原活性材料的设计。讨论了关于新型聚合物结构和实用特性的聚合技术。随后在固态电池、赝电容器和氧化还原液流电池的应用场景中分析了聚合物结构。