Atomically thin two-dimensional materials present opportunities for selective transport of subatomic species. The pristine lattice of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, although impermeable to helium atoms, allows for transmission of electrons and permits transport of thermal protons and its isotopes. We discuss advances in selective subatomic species transport through atomically thin membranes and their potential for transformative advances in energy storage and conversion, isotope separations, in situ electron microscopy and spectroscopy, and future electronic applications. We outline technological challenges and opportunities for these applications and discuss early adoption in imaging and spectroscopy that are starting to become commercially available, as well as emerging applications in the nuclear industry and future application potential in grid storage, clean/green transportation, environmental remediation, and others.

中文翻译：

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亚原子物质通过原子薄膜传输：现在和未来的应用

原子级薄的二维材料为亚原子物质的选择性传输提供了机会。单层石墨烯和六方氮化硼的原始晶格虽然不透氦原子，但允许电子传输并允许热质子及其同位素的传输。我们讨论了选择性亚原子物质通过原子薄膜传输的进展及其在能量存储和转换、同位素分离、原位电子显微镜和光谱学以及未来电子应用方面的变革性进展的潜力。我们概述了这些应用的技术挑战和机遇，并讨论了开始商业化的成像和光谱学的早期采用，