Renewable energy development is one of the most promising approaches for tackling global warming, fulfilling the ever-increasing energy demand, and protecting the environment. Among the various renewable energy sources available nowadays, salinity gradient energy, also known as blue energy, is regarded as a particularly attractive solution for the generation of sustainable clean energy and has thus attracted great attention in recent years. In a typical blue energy conversion process, power generation is attained through the transport of ions through nanopassages, such as nanopores in membranes. This review commences by exploring the many opportunities and challenges involved in performing ion transport through the nanopassages provided by one-, two-, and three-dimensional membranes. Novel strategies for enhancing the ion transport and upscaling the size of the membrane for increasing the performance of harvesting the blue energy in such systems are then introduced and discussed. Especially, we discuss the mechanism of how to enhance ion transport through nanopores. The review concludes with a brief perspective on the future development of the salinity gradient power generation field.

中文翻译：

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用于盐度梯度发电的膜中纳米孔增强离子传输

可再生能源开发是应对全球变暖、满足不断增长的能源需求和保护环境的最有前途的方法之一。在当今可用的各种可再生能源中，盐度梯度能源，也称为蓝色能源，被认为是一种特别有吸引力的可持续清洁能源发电解决方案，因此近年来备受关注。在典型的蓝色能量转换过程中，通过纳米通道（例如膜中的纳米孔）传输离子来实现发电。本综述首先探讨了通过一维、二维和三维膜提供的纳米通道进行离子传输所涉及的许多机遇和挑战。然后介绍并讨论了增强离子传输和扩大膜尺寸以提高在此类系统中收集蓝色能量的性能的新策略。特别是，我们讨论了如何通过纳米孔增强离子传输的机制。综述最后简要介绍了盐度梯度发电领域的未来发展。