Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics ( IF 11.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-03 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012021-035131 Andrew M. Bush 1 , Jonathan L. Payne 2
During the past 541 million years, marine animals underwent three intervals of diversification (early Cambrian, Ordovician, Cretaceous–Cenozoic) separated by nondirectional fluctuation, suggesting diversity-dependent dynamics with the equilibrium diversity shifting through time. Changes in factors such as shallow-marine habitat area and climate appear to have modulated the nondirectional fluctuations. Directional increases in diversity are best explained by evolutionary innovations in marine animals and primary producers coupled with stepwise increases in the availability of food and oxygen. Increasing intensity of biotic interactions such as predation and disturbance may have led to positive feedbacks on diversification as ecosystems became more complex. Important areas for further research include improving the geographic coverage and temporal resolution of paleontological data sets, as well as deepening our understanding of Earth system evolution and the physiological and ecological traits that modulated organismal responses to environmental change.
中文翻译:
海洋动物生物多样性显生宙历史的生物和非生物控制
在过去的 5.41 亿年中,海洋动物经历了三个由无方向波动分隔的多样化阶段(早寒武纪、奥陶纪、白垩纪-新生代),表明多样性依赖动态,平衡多样性随时间推移而变化。浅海栖息地面积和气候等因素的变化似乎调节了非定向波动。海洋动物和初级生产者的进化创新以及食物和氧气供应量的逐步增加可以最好地解释多样性的定向增加。随着生态系统变得更加复杂,捕食和干扰等生物相互作用强度的增加可能导致对多样化的积极反馈。