1. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between ants and aphids on host plants in different habitats located in the northwestern part of Turkey. A total of 26 ant species belonging to 13 genera and 3 subfamilies from the family Formicidae (Hymenoptera) were found associated with 52 aphid species belonging to 22 genera from the family Aphididae (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) on 66 host plant species from 24 plant families.
2. In total, 132 tritrophic ants–aphids–host plants interactions including new associations were revealed.
3. Also, we present results on the interactions of ants–aphids–host plants in different habitats such as cultivated, uncultivated and urban areas. About 85 tritrophic interactions of ants–aphids–host plants were revealed in cultivated, 27 tritrophic interactions in uncultivated and 20 tritrophic interactions in urban areas. Tritrophic interactions were more diverse in cultivated areas than uncultivated and urban areas.
4. Our results reveal that the interactions between ants and aphids are highly diverse and that they vary on host plants in different habitats. It may be thought that this is due to the specialization resulting from the high diversity of host plants of aphids in cultivated areas and increased the presence of ants.

中文翻译：

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蚂蚁（膜翅目：蚁科）-蚜虫（半翅目：蚜虫科）在土耳其不同栖息地的相互作用与新的共生关联

1. 本研究旨在调查蚂蚁和蚜虫对土耳其西北部不同栖息地寄主植物的相互作用。在 24 个植物科的 66 个寄主植物中，共发现了属于蚁科（膜翅目）的 13 个属和 3 个亚科的 26 种蚂蚁与属于蚜科（Hemiptera：Aphidoidea）的 22 个属的 52 种蚜虫。
2. 总共揭示了 132 种三养蚂蚁-蚜虫-寄主植物相互作用，包括新的关联。
3. 此外，我们还展示了蚂蚁-蚜虫-宿主植物在不同栖息地（如耕地、未耕地和城市地区）相互作用的结果。在栽培中发现了大约 85 种蚂蚁-蚜虫-寄主植物的三养相互作用，在未栽培中发现了 27 种三养相互作用，在城市地区发现了 20 种三养相互作用。与未开垦和城市地区相比，耕地的三营养相互作用更加多样化。
4. 我们的研究结果表明，蚂蚁和蚜虫之间的相互作用是高度多样化的，并且它们在不同栖息地的寄主植物上有所不同。可以认为这是由于耕地中蚜虫寄主植物的高度多样性和蚂蚁的存在所导致的专业化。